School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, P.R. China.
Shanghai Technician School; Higher Vocational and Technical College, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Am J Mens Health. 2024 Jan-Feb;18(1):15579883241230165. doi: 10.1177/15579883241230165.
Global HIV/AIDS responses have been increasingly biomedically dominated over the past years. In line with this shifting paradigm, China has prioritized mass HIV testing as a practical approach to controlling its HIV/AIDS epidemics among at-risk populations, especially gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). This study analyzed why China's mass HIV testing mainly targeted gay men by understanding the perspectives of public health professionals, community-based organization (CBO) workers, and gay men. In addition, this study revealed the tensions and unintended consequences of HIV/AIDS prevention and the representation of gay men in China. The study involved fieldwork conducted in a major city in Eastern China from 2015 to 2019. Semi-structured interviews were held with participants from the three abovementioned groups ( = 25). The study identified four processes concerning why gay men are mainly targeted for HIV testing. Some public health professionals believe that being a gay man is equivalent to having HIV/AIDS risks. In addition, this study particularly noted tensions between public health professionals and gay men, including gay men-identified CBO workers, over whether mass HIV testing should target gay men or anyone who engaged in sexual risk behaviors. This study argued that a particular focus on gay men due to pursuing biomedical advances in HIV/AIDS prevention seems to have unintendedly stereotyped gay men based on the presumptions that they are at risk of developing HIV/AIDS. In addition, this study corresponded to the broader social scientific discussion concerning whether HIV/AIDS intervention should target specific sexual risk practices or sexual identity/population.
过去几年，全球艾滋病防治工作日益以生物医学为导向。与这一转变模式一致，中国将大规模艾滋病检测作为控制高危人群（尤其是男同性恋者和其他男男性行为者）艾滋病流行的实用方法。本研究通过了解公共卫生专业人员、社区组织（CBO）工作人员和男同性恋者的观点，分析了为什么中国的大规模艾滋病检测主要针对男同性恋者。此外，本研究揭示了艾滋病预防工作中的紧张关系和意外后果，以及中国男同性恋者的代表性问题。本研究于 2015 年至 2019 年在中国东部的一个主要城市进行实地调查。对来自上述三个群体的参与者（=25 人）进行了半结构化访谈。研究确定了四个为什么主要针对男同性恋者进行艾滋病检测的过程。一些公共卫生专业人员认为，男同性恋者等同于有感染艾滋病的风险。此外，本研究特别注意到公共卫生专业人员与男同性恋者之间的紧张关系，包括男同性恋者认同的 CBO 工作人员，他们就大规模艾滋病检测应该针对男同性恋者还是任何有性风险行为的人存在分歧。本研究认为，由于在艾滋病预防方面追求生物医学进步，对男同性恋者的特别关注似乎基于这样一种假设，即他们有感染艾滋病的风险，从而无意中对男同性恋者进行了刻板印象。此外，本研究与更广泛的社会科学讨论相对应，即艾滋病干预是否应该针对特定的性风险行为或性身份/人群。
