Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal (Sonepat), Haryana, 131039, India.
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, OSU Center of Microbiome Science, Columbus, 43210-1095, USA.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Sep 14;37(10):176. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03145-9.
All mucins are highly glycosylated and a key constituent of the mucus layer that is vigilant against pathogens in many organ systems of animals and humans. The viscous layer is organized in bilayers, i.e., an outer layer that is loosely arranged, variable in thickness, home to the commensal microbiota that grows in the complex environment, and an innermost layer that is stratified, non-aspirated, firmly adherent to the epithelial cells and devoid of any microorganisms. The O-glycosylation moiety represents the site of adhesion for pathogens and due to the increase of motility, mucolytic activity, and upregulation of virulence factors, some microorganisms can circumvent the component of the mucus layer and cause disruption in organ homeostasis. A dysbiotic microbiome, defective mucus barrier, and altered immune response often result in various diseases. In this review, paramount emphasis is given to the role played by the bacterial species directly or indirectly involved in mucin degradation, alteration in mucus secretion or its composition or mucin gene expression, which instigates many diseases in the digestive, respiratory, and other organ systems. A systematic view can help better understand the etiology of some complex disorders such as cystic fibrosis, ulcerative colitis and expand our knowledge about mucin degraders to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct ill effects caused by these mucin-dwelling pathogens.
所有黏蛋白都高度糖基化，是动物和人体许多器官系统中黏液层的主要成分，对病原体起到警惕作用。粘性层以双层的形式组织，即外层松散排列、厚度可变，是在复杂环境中生长的共生微生物的栖息地，内层分层、不可抽吸、牢固地附着在上皮细胞上，没有任何微生物。O-糖基化部分是病原体附着的部位，由于运动性增加、黏液溶解活性增强以及毒力因子上调，一些微生物可以绕过黏液层的组成部分，导致器官稳态失调。微生物失调、黏液屏障缺陷和免疫反应改变通常会导致各种疾病。在这篇综述中，重点强调了直接或间接参与黏蛋白降解、改变黏液分泌或其组成或黏蛋白基因表达的细菌物种的作用，这些作用会引发消化系统、呼吸系统和其他器官系统中的许多疾病。系统的观点可以帮助我们更好地理解一些复杂疾病的病因，如囊性纤维化、溃疡性结肠炎，并扩展我们对黏蛋白降解物的了解，以开发纠正这些黏蛋白栖息病原体造成的不良影响的新治疗方法。
