The multifaceted gene.

The programmed cell death 10 () gene was originally identified as an apoptosis-related gene, although it is now usually known as , as the third causative gene of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). CCM is a neurovascular disease that is characterized by vascular malformations and is associated with headaches, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and cerebral hemorrhage. The PDCD10/CCM3 protein has multiple subcellular localizations and interacts with several multi-protein complexes and signaling pathways. Thus governs many cellular functions, which include cell-to-cell junctions and cytoskeleton organization, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and exocytosis and angiogenesis. Given its central role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the cell, dysregulation of can result in a wide range of altered cell functions. This can lead to severe diseases, including CCM, cognitive disability, and several types of cancers. Here, we review the multifaceted roles of in physiology and pathology, with a focus on its functions beyond CCM.