Rodríguez Javier M, Bae Byengseon, Geronimus Arline T, Bound John
Claremont Graduate University.
University of Michigan.
J Health Polit Policy Law. 2022 Apr 1;47(2):201-224. doi: 10.1215/03616878-9517191.
The US two-party system was transformed in the 1960s when the Democratic Party abandoned its Jim Crow protectionism to incorporate the policy agenda fostered by the civil rights movement, and the Republican Party redirected its platform toward socioeconomic and racial conservatism. The authors argue that the policy agendas promoted by the two parties through presidents and state legislatures codify a racially patterned access to resources and power detrimental to the health of all. To test the hypothesis that fluctuations in overall and race-specific infant mortality rates (IMRs) shift between the parties in power before and after the political realignment (PR), the authors apply panel data analysis methods to state-level data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the period 1915 through 2017. Net of trend, overall, and race-specific IMRs were not statistically different between presidential parties before the PR. This pattern, however, changed after the PR, with Republican administrations consistently underperforming Democratic ones. Net of trend, non-Southern state legislatures controlled by Republicans underperform Democratic ones in overall and racial IMRs in both periods.
美国两党制在20世纪60年代发生了转变，当时民主党放弃了其种族隔离保护主义，纳入了民权运动所倡导的政策议程，而共和党则将其纲领转向社会经济和种族保守主义。作者认为，两党通过总统和州立法机构推行的政策议程，将一种带有种族模式的资源和权力获取方式合法化，这对所有人的健康都有害。为了检验在政治重组（PR）前后，总体和特定种族的婴儿死亡率（IMR）波动在执政党派之间转移的假设，作者将面板数据分析方法应用于1915年至2017年期间美国国家卫生统计中心的州级数据。排除趋势因素后，在政治重组之前，总统所属党派之间的总体和特定种族的婴儿死亡率在统计学上并无差异。然而，在政治重组之后，这种模式发生了变化，共和党政府的表现一直不如民主党政府。排除趋势因素后，在两个时期内，由共和党控制的非南方州立法机构在总体和种族婴儿死亡率方面的表现均不如民主党控制的州立法机构。
