Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Nutr. 2021 Nov 2;151(11):3570-3578. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab275.
The fat type consumed is considered a risk factor for developing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, these associations have not been investigated using a dietary patterns approach, which can capture combinations of foods and fat type consumed.
This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary patterns with varying proportions of SFAs, MUFAs, or PUFAs and obesity, abdominal obesity, and self-reported T2D incidence.
This study included UK Biobank participants with 2 or more 24-h dietary assessments, free from the outcome of interest at recruitment, and with outcome data at follow-up (n = 16,523; mean follow-up: 6.3 y). Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs (% of energy intake) as response variables. Logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics, was used to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and obesity [BMI (kg/m2) ≥30], abdominal obesity (waist circumference; men: ≥102 cm; women: ≥88 cm) and T2D incidence.
Two dietary patterns, DP1 and DP2, were identified: DP1 positively correlated with SFAs (r = 0.48), MUFAs (r = 0.67), and PUFAs (r = 0.56), characterized by higher intake of nuts, seeds, and butter and lower intake of fruit and low-fat yogurt; DP2 positively correlated with SFAs (r = 0.76) and negatively with PUFAs (r = -0.64) and MUFAs (r = -0.01), characterized by higher intake of butter and high-fat cheese and lower intake of nuts and seeds. Only DP2 was associated with higher obesity and abdominal obesity incidence (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.45; and OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.38, respectively). Neither of the dietary patterns was associated with T2D incidence.
These findings provide evidence that a dietary pattern characterized by higher SFA and lower PUFA foods is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity incidence, but not T2D.
所消耗的脂肪类型被认为是肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）发展的风险因素。然而，这些关联尚未通过饮食模式方法进行研究，该方法可以捕捉所消耗的食物和脂肪类型的组合。
本研究旨在调查不同比例 SFA、MUFA 或 PUFA 的饮食模式与肥胖、腹型肥胖和自述 T2D 发病率之间的关联。
本研究纳入了 UK Biobank 中具有 2 次或更多 24 小时饮食评估、招募时无研究结果且随访时有结果数据的参与者（n=16523；平均随访时间：6.3 年）。使用降秩回归来推导 SFA、MUFA 和 PUFA（能量摄入的百分比）作为反应变量的饮食模式。使用逻辑回归，调整社会人口统计学和健康特征，来研究饮食模式与肥胖[BMI（kg/m2）≥30]、腹型肥胖（腰围；男性：≥102cm；女性：≥88cm）和 T2D 发病率之间的关联。
确定了两种饮食模式，DP1 和 DP2：DP1 与 SFA（r=0.48）、MUFA（r=0.67）和 PUFA（r=0.56）呈正相关，其特征是坚果、种子和黄油摄入量较高，而水果和低脂酸奶摄入量较低；DP2 与 SFA（r=0.76）呈正相关，与 PUFA（r=-0.64）和 MUFA（r=-0.01）呈负相关，其特征是黄油和高脂肪奶酪摄入量较高，而坚果和种子摄入量较低。只有 DP2 与更高的肥胖和腹型肥胖发病率相关（OR：1.24；95%CI：1.02，1.45；和 OR：1.19；95%CI：1.02，1.38）。两种饮食模式均与 T2D 发病率无关。
这些发现提供了证据表明，以 SFA 含量较高和 PUFA 含量较低的食物为特征的饮食模式与肥胖和腹型肥胖的发病率有关，但与 T2D 无关。
