Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) and Department of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, and Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
J Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;148(4):573-580. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy014.
Recent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown.
In a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
In a randomized crossover controlled consumption trial, 46 men and women with abdominal obesity consumed 5 isocaloric diets, each for 4 wk. Two diets were rich in SFAs either from cheese (CHEESE) or butter (BUTTER) [12.4-12.6% of energy (%E) as SFAs, 32%E as fat, 52%E as carbohydrates]. In 2 other diets, SFAs (5.8%E) were replaced with either MUFAs from refined olive oil (MUFA) or PUFAs from corn oil (PUFA). Finally, a lower fat and carbohydrate diet was used as a control (5.8%E as SFAs, 25.0%E as fat, 59%E as carbohydrates; CHO). Post-diet HDL-mediated CEC was determined ex vivo using radiolabelled J774 macrophages incubated with apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from the participants.
Mean (±SD) age was 41.4 ± 14.2 y, and waist circumference was 107.6 ± 11.5 cm in men and 94.3 ± 12.4 cm in women. BUTTER and MUFA increased HDL-mediated CEC compared with CHEESE (+4.3%, P = 0.026 and +4.7%, P = 0.031, respectively). Exploring the significant diet × sex interaction (P = 0.044) revealed that the increase in HDL-mediated CEC after BUTTER compared with CHEESE was significant among men (+6.0%, P = 0.047) but not women (+2.9%, P = 0.19), whereas the increase after MUFA compared with CHEESE was significant among women (+9.1%, P = 0.008) but not men (-0.6%, P = 0.99).
These results provide evidence of a food matrix effect modulating the impact of dairy SFAs on HDL-mediated CEC with potential sex-related differences that deserve further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.
最近的证据表明，膳食饱和脂肪酸（SFA）与冠心病风险之间的关联因食物来源而异。目前尚不清楚来自黄油和奶酪的 SFA 如何影响高密度脂蛋白（HDL）介导的胆固醇外排能力（CEC），CEC 是胆固醇逆转运的关键过程。
在之前发表的一项试验的预先设定的二次分析中，我们研究了富含奶酪或黄油 SFA 的饮食与富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）或多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的饮食相比，如何影响 HDL 介导的 CEC。
在一项随机交叉对照消耗试验中，46 名腹型肥胖的男性和女性受试者摄入了 5 种等热量饮食，每种饮食持续 4 周。两种饮食富含 SFA，一种来自奶酪（CHEESE），另一种来自黄油（BUTTER）[分别占能量的 12.4-12.6%（SFA），32%（脂肪），52%（碳水化合物）]。在另外两种饮食中，SFA（5.8%E）被精炼橄榄油中的 MUFA（MUFA）或玉米油中的 PUFA（PUFA）取代。最后，使用低脂肪和低碳水化合物饮食作为对照（SFA 占 5.8%E，脂肪占 25.0%E，碳水化合物占 59%E；CHO）。使用放射性标记的 J774 巨噬细胞与参与者的载脂蛋白 B 耗尽血清孵育，在体外测定饮食后的 HDL 介导的 CEC。
男性平均（±SD）年龄为 41.4±14.2 岁，腰围为 107.6±11.5cm，女性为 94.3±12.4cm。与 CHEESE 相比，BUTTER 和 MUFA 增加了 HDL 介导的 CEC（分别增加 4.3%，P=0.026 和 4.7%，P=0.031）。探究显著的饮食×性别交互作用（P=0.044）发现，与 CHEESE 相比，BUTTER 增加 HDL 介导的 CEC 在男性中具有显著意义（增加 6.0%，P=0.047），但在女性中无显著意义（增加 2.9%，P=0.19），而 MUFA 与 CHEESE 相比，在女性中增加 HDL 介导的 CEC 有显著意义（增加 9.1%，P=0.008），但在男性中无显著意义（增加 0.6%，P=0.99）。
这些结果提供了饮食基质效应调节乳制品 SFA 对 HDL 介导的 CEC 影响的证据，并且可能存在性别相关的差异，值得进一步研究。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT02106208。
