Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; email:
Sydney Node, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia.
Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2021 Sep 15;7:73-103. doi: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100419-115801.
The eye sends information about the visual world to the brain on over 20 parallel signal pathways, each specialized to signal features such as spectral reflection (color), edges, and motion of objects in the environment. Each pathway is formed by the axons of a separate type of retinal output neuron (retinal ganglion cell). In this review, we summarize what is known about the excitatory retinal inputs, brain targets, and gene expression patterns of ganglion cells in humans and nonhuman primates. We describe how most ganglion cell types receive their input from only one or two of the 11 types of cone bipolar cell and project selectively to only one or two target regions in the brain. We also highlight how genetic methods are providing tools to characterize ganglion cells and establish cross-species homologies.
眼睛通过 20 多条并行信号通路将有关视觉世界的信息传送到大脑，每条通路都专门用于传递环境中物体的光谱反射（颜色）、边缘和运动等特征。每条通路都是由不同类型的视网膜输出神经元（视网膜神经节细胞）的轴突组成的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了人类和非人类灵长类动物中兴奋性视网膜输入、大脑靶标和神经节细胞基因表达模式的已知信息。我们描述了大多数神经节细胞类型仅从 11 种视锥双极细胞中的一种或两种接收输入，并选择性地投射到大脑中的一个或两个靶区。我们还强调了遗传方法如何提供用于描述神经节细胞并建立跨物种同源性的工具。
