Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000,Chile.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000,Chile.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(2):299-328. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666210825111350.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic accretion of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol intake that may progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, becoming the main cause of chronic liver disease. This article discusses recent data concerning the use of dietary polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials.
Study searches were performed using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health.
Polyphenols exert beneficial effects in NAFLD, with positive outcomes being related to body weight gain, insulin resistance, liver fat accumulation, oxidative stress, proinflammatory status, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Data reported for hydroxytyrosol suggest that the activation of the hepatic PPAR-α-FGF21-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling cascade is associated with fatty acid oxidation enhancement, de novo lipogenesis diminution and recovery of mitochondrial function, a contention that is supported by the actions of several polyphenols on specific components of this signaling pathway. Besides, polyphenols downregulate NF-κB, suppressing the pro-inflammatory state developed in NAFLD and upregulate liver Nrf2, increasing the cellular antioxidant potential. The latter feature of polyphenols is contributed by chelation of pro-oxidant trace elements, reduction of free radicals to stable forms and inhibition of free radical generating systems.
Polyphenols are relevant bioactive compounds in terms of prevention and treatment of NAFLD, which exhibit low bioavailability and instability in biological systems that could limit their health effects. These drawbacks reinforce the necessity of further studies to improve the efficacy of polyphenol formulations for human interventions.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的特征是肝三酰甘油蓄积，而无酒精摄入，可能进展为脂肪性肝炎、纤维化和肝硬化，成为慢性肝病的主要原因。本文讨论了最近关于膳食多酚在非酒精性脂肪性肝病的体外、体内和临床试验中的预防和治疗作用的数据。
使用美国国立卫生研究院国家医学图书馆的 PubMed 数据库进行研究检索。
多酚对非酒精性脂肪性肝病有有益的作用，积极的结果与体重增加、胰岛素抵抗、肝脂肪堆积、氧化应激、促炎状态、线粒体功能障碍和内质网应激有关。羟基酪醇的数据表明，肝 PPAR-α-FGF21-AMPK-PGC-1α 信号级联的激活与增强脂肪酸氧化、减少从头脂肪生成和恢复线粒体功能有关，这一论点得到了几种多酚对该信号通路特定成分的作用的支持。此外，多酚下调 NF-κB，抑制非酒精性脂肪性肝病中发生的促炎状态，并上调肝 Nrf2，增加细胞抗氧化能力。多酚的后一特征归因于对促氧化剂微量元素的螯合作用，将自由基还原为稳定形式以及抑制自由基生成系统。
多酚是预防和治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关生物活性化合物，但在生物系统中生物利用度低且不稳定，这可能限制其健康效果。这些缺点强调了进一步研究改善多酚配方对人类干预的疗效的必要性。
