Seyednozadi Zahra, Pishghadam Reza, Pishghadam Morteza
Department of English, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
Department of Medical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 7487794149, Iran.
Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2021 Jan 27;58(3):249-252. doi: 10.29399/npa.27422. eCollection 2021.
In this study, the language-related ERP studies relevant to the functional role of the N400 and P600 in semantically anomalous sentences and the underlying reasons which may affect their functions were reviewed. Since their discovery, the N400 and P600 have been the most important language-related ERP components. The N400 has been mostly elicited as a result of processing sentences with lexical and semantic anomalies, but later on, in many studies instead of the expected lexical-semantic N400 effect, semantic anomalies elicited a P600 effect called semantic P600. However, the functional interpretation of these two ERP components has constantly been a matter of debate. Perhaps most notably, it is proposed that it is not just the N400 which is related to semantic anomalies but the P600 can also be reflected as a result of these kinds of anomalies. Reviewing the literature for explaining the functions of the two ERP components, the N400 and the P600, during the processing of semantic anomalies revealed that still there is a need for more research on language processing in order to make the researchers capable of describing the underlying factors influencing them, especially more focused investigations of the functional-anatomical and neurocomputational models may provide a clearer understanding of them. Moreover, any practical theory or model of the N400 and the P600 in language comprehension needs to consider the apparent inconsistencies in the elicitation pattern of the N400 and the P600 in order to successfully capture the full data spectrum.
在本研究中，回顾了与N400和P600在语义异常句子中的功能作用相关的语言相关ERP研究，以及可能影响其功能的潜在原因。自被发现以来，N400和P600一直是最重要的语言相关ERP成分。N400主要是在处理具有词汇和语义异常的句子时诱发的，但后来，在许多研究中，语义异常没有诱发预期的词汇-语义N400效应，而是诱发了一种称为语义P600的P600效应。然而，这两种ERP成分的功能解释一直存在争议。也许最值得注意的是，有人提出，与语义异常相关的不仅仅是N400，P600也可能因这类异常而体现出来。回顾解释这两种ERP成分（N400和P600）在语义异常处理过程中的功能的文献发现，为了使研究人员能够描述影响它们的潜在因素，仍需要对语言处理进行更多研究，特别是对功能-解剖和神经计算模型进行更有针对性的研究，可能会对它们有更清晰的理解。此外，任何关于N400和P600在语言理解中的实用理论或模型都需要考虑N400和P600诱发模式中明显的不一致性，以便成功捕捉完整的数据范围。
