The Second Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China.
Easter Theater General Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China.
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2021 Jan-Dec;20:15330338211039952. doi: 10.1177/15330338211039952.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a general term for intrahepatic and extrahepatic malignant tumors deriving in the biliary system. According to the location, it is divided into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Progressive cholangiocarcinoma yields poor outcomes with radiotherapy; therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic breakthroughs. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy brings the treatment for cancer into a new field, with the use of drugs targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 considerably extending the survival of patients with melanoma, lung cancer, and other solid tumors. The FDA has approved the application of pembrolizumab for solid tumors with high microsatellite instability and defective mismatch repair, including cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, the combination of ICIs with chemotherapy and radiation therapy showed good promise. The aim of the present study was to review the application of ICIs in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma and to summarize the reported individualized immunotherapy-based protocols and ongoing clinical trials for clinical reference.
胆管癌是指源于胆道系统的肝内和肝外恶性肿瘤的统称。根据位置可分为肝内胆管癌、肝门部胆管癌和远端胆管癌。进展期胆管癌对放疗效果不佳，因此迫切需要新的治疗突破。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）治疗将癌症的治疗带入了一个新的领域，使用针对 PD-1/PD-L1 和 CTLA-4 的药物显著延长了黑色素瘤、肺癌和其他实体瘤患者的生存时间。FDA 已批准 pembrolizumab 用于具有高微卫星不稳定性和错配修复缺陷的实体瘤，包括胆管癌。此外，ICI 与化疗和放疗联合显示出良好的前景。本研究旨在综述 ICI 在胆管癌治疗中的应用，并总结报道的个体化免疫治疗方案和正在进行的临床试验，供临床参考。
