Doctoral Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Lingkar Selatan 55183, Indonesia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021 Nov;211:106392. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106392. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
BACKGROUND: A proper education on asthma self-management helps asthmatics to improve health outcomes, such as better asthma knowledge and self-efficacy, increased frequency of symptom-free days, reduced unscheduled healthcare visits and absence from school or work days. In this modern digital era, the use of smartphone apps is increasing rapidly and reaching almost all aspects of our life, including health promotion and patient education on asthma self-management. Studies found that the apps make it easier for asthmatics to receive the education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the systematic design, development, and implementation process of a Google Android OS asthma self-management smartphone app according to the Patient-Centered Design approach. METHODS: The design, development, and implementation process of the app adopted the Patient-Centered Design approach, including: (1) user needs assessment, (2) design of the app prototype, (3) development of the app prototype, (4) usability test, and (5) product launch. For better results, the study involved end-users (asthmatics and health professionals) during the development of the app. RESULTS: The study resulted in a Google Android OS asthma self-management app, namely AsmaDroid. The app was developed to feature 8 contents and functions, namely: asthma education, a list of asthma medications, asthma diary or journal, peak flow record, asthma control test, asthma action plan, a chat box, and a map of nearest local hospitals or health centers. It was also found that the average success rate of the app was as follow: "completed with ease" was 88.15%, "completed with difficulty" was 7.78%, and "failed to complete" was 4.07%. It means that the success rate of app was "very high". CONCLUSION: The implementation of Patient-Centered Design approach has been successfully completed for the development of AsmaDroid. However, additional research into the use of the app in the actual clinical world is highly required to demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the level of asthma knowledge, the quality of asthma control, and other health outcomes.
背景：适当的哮喘自我管理教育有助于改善哮喘患者的健康结果，例如提高哮喘知识和自我效能，增加无症状天数，减少非计划性医疗就诊和缺课或旷工天数。在这个现代数字时代，智能手机应用程序的使用迅速增加，几乎涵盖了我们生活的各个方面，包括健康促进和哮喘自我管理的患者教育。研究发现，这些应用程序使哮喘患者更容易接受教育。
目的：本研究旨在根据以患者为中心的设计方法描述一种谷歌安卓操作系统哮喘自我管理智能手机应用程序的系统设计、开发和实施过程。
方法：该应用程序的设计、开发和实施过程采用了以患者为中心的设计方法，包括：（1）用户需求评估；（2）应用程序原型设计；（3）应用程序原型开发；（4）可用性测试；（5）产品发布。为了获得更好的结果，在应用程序开发过程中涉及了最终用户（哮喘患者和卫生专业人员）。
结果：研究结果产生了一款谷歌安卓操作系统哮喘自我管理应用程序，即 AsmaDroid。该应用程序开发的功能包括：哮喘教育、哮喘药物清单、哮喘日记或日志、峰值流量记录、哮喘控制测试、哮喘行动计划、聊天框和最近的当地医院或健康中心地图。还发现，该应用程序的平均成功率如下：“轻松完成”为 88.15%，“困难完成”为 7.78%，“未能完成”为 4.07%。这意味着应用程序的成功率“非常高”。
结论：以患者为中心的设计方法的实施已成功完成用于开发 AsmaDroid。然而，需要开展更多研究，将该应用程序实际应用于临床实践中，以证明其在提高哮喘知识水平、改善哮喘控制质量和其他健康结果方面的有效性。
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