Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; email:
Annu Rev Genet. 2021 Nov 23;55:527-554. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-020719. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
Defining the mechanisms by which animals adapt to their ecological niche is an important problem bridging evolution, genetics, and neurobiology. We review the establishment of a powerful genetic model for comparative behavioral analysis and neuroecology, . This island-endemic fly species is closely related to several cosmopolitan generalists, including , but has evolved extreme specialism, feeding and reproducing exclusively on the noni fruit of the tropical shrub . We first describe the development and use of genetic approaches to facilitate genotype/phenotype associations in these drosophilids. Next, we survey the behavioral, physiological, and morphological adaptations of throughout its life cycle and outline our current understanding of the genetic and cellular basis of these traits. Finally, we discuss the principles this knowledge begins to establish in the context of host specialization, speciation, and the neurobiology of behavioral evolution and consider open questions and challenges in the field.
确定动物适应其生态位的机制是一个将进化、遗传学和神经生物学联系起来的重要问题。我们回顾了一个强大的遗传模型的建立，用于比较行为分析和神经生态学。这种岛屿特有蝇种与几种世界性的通才密切相关，包括，但已经进化出极端的特化，专门以热带灌木的诺丽果为食和繁殖。我们首先描述了遗传方法的发展和应用，以促进这些果蝇的基因型/表型关联。接下来，我们调查了 在其生命周期中的行为、生理和形态适应，并概述了我们目前对这些特征的遗传和细胞基础的理解。最后，我们讨论了这方面的知识在宿主特化、物种形成和行为进化的神经生物学背景下开始建立的原理，并考虑了该领域的悬而未决的问题和挑战。
