School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Sep 16;21(1):1694. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11534-w.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the betterment of health status, while also considering health expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines the nexus between health status and health expenditure (both public and private), energy consumption and environmental pollution in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region.
We utilized the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, the heterogeneous panel causality test, the cross sectional dependence test, the cointegration test and the Pesaran cross sectional dependent (CADF) unit root test for obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002-2017).
Our results authorize the cointegration among the variables used, where the coefficients of energy consumption, public and private health expenditures, and economic growth are 0.027, 0.014, 0.030, and 0.029, respectively, and indicating positive and statistically significant effects. The coefficient of environmental pollution is - 0.085, implying significant negative effect on the health status of these regions in the long-run. However, no panel wise significant impact is found in the short-run. Bidirectional and unidirectional causal links between the studied variables and the health status are also identified..
The improved health status in the SAARC-BIMSTEC region needs to be protected by articulating the effective policies. The attained results are theoretically and empirically consistent, and have important policy implications in the health sector.
新冠疫情凸显了改善健康状况的必要性，同时也需要考虑卫生支出、能源和环境问题。本文考察了南亚区域合作联盟- 大湄公河次区域卫生支出（公共和私人）、能源消耗和环境污染与健康状况之间的关系。
我们使用面板自回归分布滞后（ARDL）模型、异质面板因果关系检验、横截面相关性检验、协整检验和 Pesaran 横截面相关（CADF）单位根检验，从 16 年（2002-2017 年）的数据中获得估计结果。
我们的结果授权变量之间的协整，其中能源消耗、公共和私人卫生支出以及经济增长的系数分别为 0.027、0.014、0.030 和 0.029，均为正且具有统计学意义。环境污染的系数为-0.085，意味着长期来看这些地区的健康状况会产生显著的负面影响。然而，在短期内没有发现面板层面的显著影响。研究变量与健康状况之间存在双向和单向因果关系。
需要通过制定有效的政策来保护南亚区域合作联盟- 大湄公河次区域的健康状况。所得结果在理论和经验上是一致的，对卫生部门具有重要的政策意义。
