Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
Department of Endocrinology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
J Postgrad Med. 2022 Jan-Mar;68(1):14-23. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_796_20.
Epidemiological transition remains a key contributor to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across developing nations. Population-specific NCD risk factors estimates derived using World Health Organization (WHO) 'STEP-wise approach' are crucial for devising evidence-based public health interventions to combat NCDs.
To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors for NCDs among the rural adult population of Puducherry district in India.
STEPS survey was conducted by following all three steps (behavioral, physical measurements and biochemical risk factors) of NCD risk factor assessment. A total of 790 participants were selected from 50 villages through multistage cluster sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral risk factors, physical measurements and biochemical (fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol) risk factors.
Tobacco use and alcohol consumption were present among 11.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 9-13.6%) and 19.2% (95% CI: 16.5-22.4%) of the population, respectively. Low physical activity, inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, overweight and obesity were observed among 29.3% (95% CI: 26.2-32.7%), 89.8% (95% CI: 87.6-92%), 15.6% (95% CI: 13.1-18.3%) and 38.9% (95% CI: 35.4-42.2%), respectively. About 28.2% (95% CI: 25.2-31.6%) had hypertension and 24.4% (95% CI: 20-29%) had diabetes mellitus. Abdominal obesity was twice highly prevalent among women. Tobacco and alcohol use were more common among men, whereas low physical activity, obesity and hypercholesterolemia were higher among women.
Public health interventions to promote healthy lifestyle need to be initiated especially to increase physical activity, intake for fruits and vegetables, and quitting of tobacco and alcohol consumption in the rural population of Puducherry.
在发展中国家，流行病学转变仍然是导致非传染性疾病（NCD）发病率上升的主要因素。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）“逐步方法”得出的特定人群 NCD 风险因素估计对于制定基于证据的公共卫生干预措施以对抗 NCD 至关重要。
估计印度本地治里地区农村成年人口中 NCD 行为和生物风险因素的流行情况。
通过以下三种方法（行为、身体测量和生化风险因素）进行 NCD 风险因素评估，进行 STEPS 调查。通过多阶段聚类抽样方法，从 50 个村庄中选择了 790 名参与者。使用 STEPS 工具评估行为风险因素、身体测量和生化（空腹血糖和总胆固醇）风险因素。
分别有 11.3%（95%置信区间（CI）：9-13.6%）和 19.2%（95% CI：16.5-22.4%）的人群吸烟和饮酒。观察到 29.3%（95% CI：26.2-32.7%）、89.8%（95% CI：87.6-92%）、15.6%（95% CI：13.1-18.3%）和 38.9%（95% CI：35.4-42.2%）的人群低体力活动、水果和蔬菜摄入不足、超重和肥胖，分别。约 28.2%（95% CI：25.2-31.6%）的人患有高血压，24.4%（95% CI：20-29%）的人患有糖尿病。女性中腹部肥胖更为常见。男性中吸烟和饮酒更为普遍，而女性中低体力活动、肥胖和高胆固醇血症更为常见。
需要开展公共卫生干预措施，以促进健康的生活方式，特别是在本地治里农村人口中增加体力活动、水果和蔬菜摄入，以及戒烟和戒酒。
