Child & Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 16;11(1):18432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97845-9.
The biodevelopment of psychological sex differentiation is putatively reflected in several anthropometrics. We examined eight anthropometrics in 1404 Thai participants varying in sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity/expression: heterosexual men and women, gay men, lesbian women, bisexual women, sao praphet song (transgender birth-assigned males), toms (transgender birth-assigned females), and dees (birth-assigned females attracted to toms). Exploratory factor analyses indicated the biomarkers should be analyzed independently. Using regressions, in birth-assigned males, less male-typical second-to-fourth digit ratios in the left hand were associated with sexual orientation towards men regardless of gender identity/expression, whereas shorter height and long-bone growth in the arms and legs were more evident among sao praphet song-who are both sexually oriented towards men and markedly feminine. In birth-assigned females, there were no clear sexual orientation effects, but there were possible gender-related effects. Groups of individuals who tend to be more masculine (i.e., toms, lesbians) showed more male-typical patterns on weight and leg length than some groups of individuals who tend to be less masculine (i.e., heterosexual women, dees). Thus, it appears the various anthropometrics inform separate biodevelopmental processes that differentially relate to sexual orientation and gender identity/expression depending on the measure in question as well as birth-assigned sex.
心理性别分化的生物发育据称反映在几个人体测量学指标上。我们在 1404 名泰国参与者中检查了 8 个人体测量学指标，这些参与者的性别、性取向和性别认同/表达各不相同：异性恋男性和女性、同性恋男性、同性恋女性、双性恋女性、sao praphet song（出生时被指定为男性的跨性别者）、toms（出生时被指定为女性的跨性别者）和 dees（出生时被指定为女性但喜欢 toms 的人）。探索性因素分析表明，生物标志物应该独立分析。使用回归分析，在出生时被指定为男性的人中，左手的第二至第四指比率男性化程度较低与性取向为男性有关，而 sao praphet song 的身高和四肢长骨生长较短，他们的性取向为男性且具有明显的女性化特征。在出生时被指定为女性的人中，没有明显的性取向影响，但可能存在与性别相关的影响。倾向于更男性化的个体（即 toms、同性恋女性）在体重和腿长上表现出更男性化的模式，而一些倾向于不那么男性化的个体（即异性恋女性、dees）则表现出更女性化的模式。因此，似乎各种人体测量学指标反映了不同的生物发育过程，这些过程根据所涉及的测量指标以及出生时的性别，不同程度地与性取向和性别认同/表达相关。
