Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 16;11(1):18521. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97981-2.
Plant kinases containing the LysM domain play important roles in pathogen recognition and self-defense reactions. And it could recognize microbe-associated molecules including chitin and other polypeptides. The white tip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi is a migratory parasitic nematode that infects plant shoots. It is distributed over almost all rice-producing areas and causes up to 50% economic losses. The rice OsRLK3 gene was a defense-related LysM kinase gene of rice. This study showed that the rice LysM kinase OsRLK3 could be induced by flg22, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and chitin. An interaction gene, Ab-atps from A. besseyi, was identified by screening the interaction between the rice gene OsRLK3 and an A. besseyi cDNA library using yeast two-hybrid screening. Ab-atps is a novel ATP synthase gene with a full length of 1341 bp, coding for 183 amino acids. The mRNA of Ab-atps was located in the esophagus and reproductive system of A. besseyi. The expression of Ab-atps was assessed at different developmental stages of the nematode and found to be the highest in the juvenile, followed by the egg, female, and male. Reproduction was significantly decreased in nematodes treated with Ab-atps double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (p < 0.05). Transient expression experiments showed that Ab-ATPS-GFP was distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, and Ab-ATPS-GFP triggered plant cell death. OsRLK3 was expressed significantly higher at 0.5 day and 1 day (p < 0.05) in rice plants inoculated with nematodes treated with Ab-atps dsRNA and gfp dsRNA for 0.5-7 days, respectively. Further, OsRLK3 expression under Ab-atps dsRNA treatment was significantly lower than with gfp dsRNA treatment at 0.5 day (p < 0.05) and significantly higher than with gfp dsRNA treatment at 1 day (p < 0.05). These results suggest that rice OsRLK3 could interact with A. besseyi Ab-atps, which plays an important role in growth, reproduction, and infection of the nematode. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to further understand the parasitic strategy of A. besseyi and its interaction mechanism with host plants, suggesting new ideas and targets for controlling A. besseyi.
植物中的含 LYS 域激酶在识别病原体和自我防御反应中起着重要作用。它可以识别微生物相关分子，包括几丁质和其他多肽。白色尾状线虫 Aphelenchoides besseyi 是一种迁移寄生线虫，感染植物芽。它分布在几乎所有的水稻产区，造成高达 50%的经济损失。水稻 OsRLK3 基因是水稻防御相关的 LYS 激酶基因。本研究表明，水稻 LYS 激酶 OsRLK3 可被 flg22、茉莉酸、水杨酸和几丁质诱导。通过筛选水稻基因 OsRLK3 与白色尾状线虫 cDNA 文库的相互作用，鉴定了一个互作基因 Ab-atps。Ab-atps 是一个全长为 1341bp 的新型 ATP 合酶基因，编码 183 个氨基酸。Ab-atps 的 mRNA 存在于白色尾状线虫的食道和生殖系统中。在不同发育阶段的线虫中评估 Ab-atps 的表达，发现幼体中表达最高，其次是卵、雌虫和雄虫。用 Ab-atps 双链 RNA(dsRNA)处理后，线虫的繁殖显著下降(p<0.05)。瞬时表达实验表明，Ab-ATPS-GFP 分布在细胞核、细胞质和细胞膜中，Ab-ATPS-GFP 触发植物细胞死亡。在被 Ab-atps dsRNA 和 gfp dsRNA 处理的线虫接种的水稻植株中，0.5-7 天内 OsRLK3 的表达分别在 0.5 天和 1 天显著升高(p<0.05)。此外，Ab-atps dsRNA 处理下的 OsRLK3 表达在 0.5 天显著低于 gfp dsRNA 处理(p<0.05)，在 1 天显著高于 gfp dsRNA 处理(p<0.05)。这些结果表明，水稻 OsRLK3 可以与白色尾状线虫 Ab-atps 相互作用，后者在线虫的生长、繁殖和感染中起着重要作用。我们的研究结果为进一步了解白色尾状线虫的寄生策略及其与宿主植物的相互作用机制提供了理论依据，为控制白色尾状线虫提供了新的思路和靶点。
