Differential regulation of antioxidant enzymes in (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) exposed to thermal stress.

is an invasive insect pest that incites damage to ornamental and agronomic crops on a global scale. In this study, the effects of temperature on gene expression and enzyme activity were studied for superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in . SOD, POD and GST enzyme activity increased significantly at 35-37 °C but declined as the temperature increased to 41 °C. In a time course study at 35 °C, SOD, POD and GST activities were significantly elevated at 0.5, 1 and 2 h in comparison to the control at 26 °C. Expression patterns were evaluated for the three antioxidant genes under high and low temperature stress. In a time course study at -4 °C, , and expression peaked at 1 h and declined at 2 h of exposure. In contrast, when transcription was monitored at 35 °C, expression was lowest at 1 h and increased at 2 h. The results provide data that will be useful in deciphering the role of antioxidant enzymes in the adaptation of to climate change.