Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 59000, Lille, France.
ARPEH, Association for Research and Promotion of Hypoventilation Training, 18 rue Saint Gabriel, 59800, Lille, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Dec;121(12):3515-3525. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04813-2. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of repeated running bouts with end-expiratory breath holding (EEBH) up to the breaking point on muscle oxygenation.
Eight male runners participated in three randomised sessions each including two exercises on a motorised treadmill. The first exercise consisted in performing 10-12 running bouts with EEBH of maximum duration either (separate sessions) at 60% (active recovery), 80% (passive recovery) or 100% (passive recovery) of the maximal aerobic velocity (MAV). Each repetition started at the onset of EEBH and ended at its release. In the second exercise of the session, subjects replicated the same procedure but with normal breathing (NB). Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO), heart rate (HR) and the change in vastus lateralis muscle deoxy-haemoglobin/myoglobin (Δ[HHb/Mb]) and total haemoglobin/myoglobin (Δ[THb/Mb]) were continuously monitored throughout exercises.
On average, the EEBHs were maintained for 10.1 ± 1.1 s, 13.2 ± 1.8 s and 12.2 ± 1.7 s during exercise at 60%, 80% and 100% of MAV, respectively. In the three exercise intensities, SpO (mean nadir values: 76.3 ± 2.5 vs 94.5 ± 2.5%) and HR were lower with EEBH than with NB at the end of the repetitions; whereas, the mean Δ[HHb/Mb] (12.6 ± 5.2 vs 7.7 ± 4.4 µm) and Δ[THb/Mb] (- 0.6 ± 2.3 vs 3.8 ± 2.6 µm) were, respectively, higher and lower with EEBH (p < 0.05).
This study showed that performing repeated bouts of running exercises with EEBH up to the breaking point induced a large and early drop in muscle oxygenation compared with the same exercise with NB. This phenomenon was probably the consequence of the strong arterial oxygen desaturation induced by the maximal EEBHs.
本研究旨在评估直至力竭的重复末端呼气闭气（EEBH）跑步冲刺对肌肉氧合的影响。
8 名男性跑步者在三个随机会话中各参加了两次运动。第一次运动包括以 60%（主动恢复）、80%（被动恢复）或 100%（被动恢复）最大有氧速度（MAV）进行 10-12 次 EEBH 跑步冲刺，每次重复从 EEBH 开始到释放结束。在会话的第二次运动中，受试者复制了相同的程序，但进行正常呼吸（NB）。整个运动过程中持续监测动脉血氧饱和度（SpO）、心率（HR）以及股外侧肌脱氧血红蛋白/肌红蛋白（Δ[HHb/Mb]）和总血红蛋白/肌红蛋白（Δ[THb/Mb]）的变化。
平均而言，在以 60%、80%和 100%MAV 进行运动时，EEBH 分别维持 10.1±1.1 s、13.2±1.8 s 和 12.2±1.7 s。在三种运动强度下，与 NB 相比，EEBH 在重复结束时 SpO（平均最低值：76.3±2.5%对 94.5±2.5%）和 HR 较低；而 EEBH 的平均Δ[HHb/Mb]（12.6±5.2 µm 对 7.7±4.4 µm）和Δ[THb/Mb]（-0.6±2.3 µm 对 3.8±2.6 µm）较高（p<0.05）。
本研究表明，与相同的 NB 运动相比，进行直至力竭的重复 EEBH 跑步冲刺会导致肌肉氧合明显且早期下降。这种现象可能是由最大 EEBH 引起的强烈动脉血氧饱和度下降所致。
