Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, India.
J Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 20;341:63-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.09.010. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
Modification of structural components, especially the cell wall, through adequate pretreatment strategies is critical to the bioconversion efficiency of algal biomass to biorefinery products. Over the years, several physical, physicochemical, chemical and green pretreatment methods have been developed to achieve maximum productivity of desirable by-products to sustain a circular bioeconomy. The effectiveness of the pretreatment methods is however, species specific due to diversity in the innate nature of the microalgal cell wall. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable and promising pretreatment strategies for several microalgae species. Methods including the application of stress, ultrasound, electromagnetic fields, pressure, heat as well as chemical solvents (ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents etc.) have been detailed and analyzed. Enzyme and hydrolytic microorganism based green pretreatment methods have also been reviewed. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for product specificity and lower inhibitors can be a future breakthrough in microalgal pretreatment.
通过适当的预处理策略来改变结构成分，特别是细胞壁，对于藻类生物质向生物炼制产品的生物转化效率至关重要。多年来，已经开发了几种物理、物理化学、化学和绿色预处理方法，以实现理想副产物的最大产量，从而维持循环生物经济。然而，由于微藻细胞壁的内在性质存在多样性，预处理方法的有效性因物种而异。本文综述了几种微藻最显著和有前途的预处理策略。详细分析了包括施加压力、超声、电磁场、压力、热以及化学溶剂（离子液体、超临界流体、深共晶溶剂等）在内的方法。还综述了基于酶和水解微生物的绿色预处理方法。微生物的代谢工程可以提高产物的特异性并降低抑制剂，这可能是微藻预处理的未来突破。
