Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Food Res Int. 2023 Nov;173(Pt 1):113282. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113282. Epub 2023 Jul 20.
Microalgae have characteristics that make them unique and full of potential. Their capacity to generate interesting bioactive molecules can add value to various industrial applications. However, most of these valuable compounds are intracellular, which makes their extraction a major bottleneck. Conventional extraction methodologies have some drawbacks, such as low eco-friendly character, high costs and energy demand, long treatment times, low selectivity and reduced extraction yields, as well as degradation of extracted compounds. The gaps found for these methods demonstrate that emergent approaches, such as ohmic heating, pulsed electric fields, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, or high-pressure processing, show potential to overcome the current drawbacks in the release and extraction of added-value compounds from microalgae. These new processing techniques can potentially extract a variety of compounds, making the process more profitable and applicable to large scales. This review provides an overview of the most important and promising factors to consider in the extraction methodologies applied to microalgae. Additionally, it delivers broad knowledge of the present impact of these methods on biomass and its compounds, raising the possibility of applying them in an integrated manner within a biorefinery concept.
微藻具有独特而充满潜力的特性。它们产生有趣的生物活性分子的能力可以为各种工业应用增加价值。然而，这些有价值的化合物大多存在于细胞内，这使得它们的提取成为一个主要的瓶颈。传统的提取方法存在一些缺点，例如环保性差、成本高、能源需求高、处理时间长、选择性低、提取产量低以及提取化合物的降解。这些方法存在的差距表明，新兴方法，如欧姆加热、脉冲电场、离子液体、深共晶溶剂或高压处理，有可能克服目前从微藻中释放和提取附加值化合物的方法的缺点。这些新技术可能提取多种化合物，使该过程更有利可图并适用于大规模生产。本文综述了应用于微藻提取方法中最重要和最有前途的考虑因素。此外，还广泛了解了这些方法对生物质及其化合物的现有影响，为它们在生物炼制概念中的综合应用提供了可能性。
