IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Nov 1;228:109020. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109020. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
The present paper extends the scope of testing Skog's theory on the 'collectivity of drinking culture' to adolescent alcohol use in 26 European countries. The aim was to 1) examine whether changes in adolescent alcohol use are consistent across different consumption levels, and 2) explore whether trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged or converged.
Data came from six waves of the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) between 1999 and 2019. The sample consisted of n = 452,935 students aged 15-16 years. Trends in alcohol volume across consumption levels including abstainers were estimated by quantile regression models (50th, 80th, 90th and 95th percentile). Countries were classified according to trends showing (soft/hard) collectivity or (soft/hard) polarisation. Trends in heavy drinkers were compared with the population trend.
Trends in alcohol consumption at different levels across 26 European countries in the period 1999-2019 were not homogeneous. Collective changes were found in 15 (14 soft/1 hard), and polarised trends in 11 countries (5 soft/6 hard). Collectivity was generally associated with a declining trend. In 18 countries, trends in heavy and light drinkers diverged.
Accepting some variation in the strength of changes across consumption levels, changes in many European countries occurred in the same direction. Yet, diverging trends at different consumption levels in most countries indicate a less beneficial change in heavy compared with light drinkers, implying that in addition to universal population-level strategies, intervention strategies targeting specific risk groups are needed to prevent alcohol-related harm.
本研究将 Skog 关于“饮酒文化的集体性”理论的适用范围扩展到 26 个欧洲国家青少年的酒精使用情况。目的是：1）检验青少年酒精使用量的变化在不同消费水平上是否一致；2）探讨重度和轻度饮酒者的趋势是趋同还是趋异。
数据来自欧洲学校毒品和酒精调查项目（ESPAD）1999 年至 2019 年的六次横断面研究。样本包括 n = 452935 名 15-16 岁的学生。使用分位数回归模型（第 50 百分位、第 80 百分位、第 90 百分位和第 95 百分位）估计包括不饮酒者在内的不同消费水平上的酒精量趋势。根据显示（软性/硬性）集体性或（软性/硬性）两极化的趋势对国家进行分类。比较重度饮酒者的趋势与人群趋势。
1999-2019 年期间，26 个欧洲国家不同水平的酒精消费趋势并不一致。15 个国家（14 个软性/1 个硬性）呈现集体性变化，11 个国家（5 个软性/6 个硬性）呈现两极化趋势。集体性变化通常与下降趋势相关。在 18 个国家，重度和轻度饮酒者的趋势出现分歧。
在一定程度上接受消费水平变化强度的差异，许多欧洲国家的变化方向是一致的。然而，大多数国家不同消费水平上的分歧趋势表明，与轻度饮酒者相比，重度饮酒者的变化不太有利，这意味着除了普遍的人口水平策略外，还需要针对特定风险群体的干预策略来预防与酒精相关的伤害。
