Hølge-Hazelton Bibi, Zacho Borre Line, Kjerholt Mette, McCormack Brendan, Rosted Elizabeth
Zealand University Hospital, Research Support Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
University of Southern Denmark, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
J Healthc Leadersh. 2021 Sep 11;13:209-219. doi: 10.2147/JHL.S326019. eCollection 2021.
To identify the differences in experiences during wave I and II of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare leaders.
It is expected, that working conditions for COVID-19-pandemic frontline staff will change, as health care organizations have gained experience with handling the consequences of the disease.
An online survey was sent out to Danish health care leaders during the first and the second pandemic wave. Comparative analyses were performed in relation to three key characteristics: management level, management education and experiences as a leader.
Eighty-nine health care leaders completed both surveys. Significant differences were found within the entire group across the key characteristics as they felt more prepared for each stage of the situation, they had more influence on the decisions taken, and they felt more concerned about the quality of treatment and care and their own health. Further significant results related to the three key characteristics were found at 1) Management level: The heads of department experienced being better informed, having more overview of their tasks and that these were meaningful. The ward managers experienced being more able to work in consistency with own beliefs and values, though they felt more overloaded. 2) Level of management education: Leaders, without a formal management education, experienced being more supported by staff. 3) Years of experiences as leader: Leaders with more than five years of experience, experienced being more prepared and informed, had more influence on decision-making, and were more worried about their own health.
The learning from experience that happens naturally in crisis situations is the reason why the leaders feel more prepared. However, there is a need for further leadership and practice development, to create contexts where leaders feel more ready for all aspects of their role.
确定医疗保健领域领导者在新冠疫情第一波和第二波期间的经历差异。
随着医疗保健组织在应对该疾病后果方面积累了经验，预计新冠疫情前线工作人员的工作条件将会发生变化。
在疫情第一波和第二波期间，向丹麦医疗保健领域领导者开展了一项在线调查。针对三个关键特征进行了比较分析：管理级别、管理教育背景和领导经验。
89位医疗保健领域领导者完成了两项调查。在整个群体中，就关键特征而言发现了显著差异，因为他们对每个阶段的情况感觉准备更充分，对所做决策有更大影响力，并且对治疗和护理质量以及自身健康更为关注。在三个关键特征方面还发现了进一步的显著结果：1）管理级别：科室主任感觉信息更灵通，对自己的任务有更全面的了解且这些任务有意义。病房经理感觉更能够按照自己的信念和价值观工作，尽管他们感觉负担更重。2）管理教育水平：没有接受过正规管理教育的领导者感觉得到员工更多支持。3）领导经验年限：有五年以上经验的领导者感觉准备更充分、信息更灵通，对决策有更大影响力，并且更担心自己的健康。
领导者感觉准备更充分的原因是危机情况下自然发生的经验学习。然而，需要进一步开展领导力和实践发展，以营造让领导者对其角色的各个方面都更有准备的环境。
