Kumari Kanchan, Groza Paula, Aguilo Francesca
Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
NAR Cancer. 2021 Sep 16;3(3):zcab036. doi: 10.1093/narcan/zcab036. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Collectively referred to as the epitranscriptome, RNA modifications play important roles in gene expression control regulating relevant cellular processes. In the last few decades, growing numbers of RNA modifications have been identified not only in abundant ribosomal (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) but also in messenger RNA (mRNA). In addition, many writers, erasers and readers that dynamically regulate the chemical marks have also been characterized. Correct deposition of RNA modifications is prerequisite for cellular homeostasis, and its alteration results in aberrant transcriptional programs that dictate human disease, including breast cancer, the most frequent female malignancy, and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In this review, we emphasize the major RNA modifications that are present in tRNA, rRNA and mRNA. We have categorized breast cancer-associated chemical marks and summarize their contribution to breast tumorigenesis. In addition, we describe less abundant tRNA modifications with related pathways implicated in breast cancer. Finally, we discuss current limitations and perspectives on epitranscriptomics for use in therapeutic strategies against breast and other cancers.
RNA修饰统称为表转录组，在调控相关细胞过程的基因表达控制中发挥着重要作用。在过去几十年里，越来越多的RNA修饰不仅在丰富的核糖体RNA（rRNA）和转运RNA（tRNA）中被发现，也在信使RNA（mRNA）中被发现。此外，许多动态调节化学标记的写入器、擦除器和读取器也已得到表征。RNA修饰的正确沉积是细胞稳态的先决条件，其改变会导致异常的转录程序，进而引发包括乳腺癌在内的人类疾病，乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，也是女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了tRNA、rRNA和mRNA中存在的主要RNA修饰。我们对与乳腺癌相关的化学标记进行了分类，并总结了它们对乳腺肿瘤发生的作用。此外，我们描述了在乳腺癌中涉及的相关途径的丰度较低的tRNA修饰。最后，我们讨论了目前表转录组学在针对乳腺癌和其他癌症的治疗策略中的局限性和前景。
