模拟 fMRI 环境对帕金森病语音低沉患者和老年健康成年人语音强度的影响。
The effects of a simulated fMRI environment on voice intensity in individuals with Parkinson's disease hypophonia and older healthy adults.
机构信息
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA.
Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
出版信息
J Commun Disord. 2021 Nov-Dec;94:106149. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106149. Epub 2021 Aug 31.
PURPOSE
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has promise for understanding neural mechanisms of neurogenic speech and voice disorders. However, performing vocal tasks within the fMRI environment may not always be analogous to performance outside of the scanner. Using a mock MRI scanner, this study examines the effects of a simulated scanning environment on vowel intensity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypophonia and older healthy control (OHC) participants.
METHOD
Thirty participants (15 PD, 15 OHC) performed a sustained /ɑ/ vowel production task in three conditions: 1) Upright, 2) Mock Scanner + No Noise, and 3) Mock Scanner + MRI noise. We used a linear mixed-effects (multi-level) model to evaluate the contributions of group and recording environment to vowel intensity. A second linear mixed-effects model was also used to evaluate the contributions of PD medication state (On vs. Off) to voice intensity.
RESULTS
Vowel intensity was significantly lower for PD compared to the OHC group. The intensity of vowels produced in the Upright condition was significantly lower compared to the Mock Scanner + No Noise condition, while vowel intensity in the Mock Scanner + MRI Noise condition was significantly higher compared to the Mock Scanner + No Noise condition. A group by condition interaction also indicated that the addition of scanner noise had a greater impact on the PD group. A second analysis conducted within the PD group showed no effects of medication state on vowel intensity.
CONCLUSION
Our findings demonstrate that performance on voice production tasks is altered for PD and OHC groups when translated into the fMRI environment, even in the absence of acoustic scanner noise. For fMRI studies of voice in PD hypophonia, careful thought should be given to how the presence of acoustic noise may differentially affect PD and OHC, for both group and task comparisons.
目的
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）有望帮助理解神经源性言语和嗓音障碍的神经机制。然而，在 fMRI 环境中进行嗓音任务并不总是与扫描外的表现类似。本研究使用模拟磁共振成像（MRI）扫描仪，考察模拟扫描环境对帕金森病（PD）患者和嗓音低者，以及老年健康对照（OHC）参与者的元音强度的影响。
方法
30 名参与者（15 名 PD，15 名 OHC）在三种条件下完成持续/a/元音发音任务：1）直立，2）模拟扫描仪+无噪声，和 3）模拟扫描仪+MRI 噪声。我们采用线性混合效应（多水平）模型，评估组间差异和记录环境对元音强度的影响。我们还采用了第二个线性混合效应模型，评估 PD 药物状态（开或关）对嗓音强度的影响。
结果
PD 组的元音强度显著低于 OHC 组。与直立条件相比，参与者在模拟扫描仪+无噪声条件下的元音强度显著降低，而在模拟扫描仪+MRI 噪声条件下的元音强度显著升高。组间差异和条件的交互作用表明，扫描仪噪声的增加对 PD 组的影响更大。在 PD 组内进行的进一步分析显示，药物状态对元音强度没有影响。
结论
即使在没有声学扫描仪噪声的情况下，将嗓音产生任务转换到 fMRI 环境中，PD 和 OHC 组的嗓音表现也会发生改变。在 fMRI 研究 PD 患者的嗓音低弱时，应仔细考虑声学噪声的存在如何对 PD 和 OHC 产生不同的影响，包括对组间和任务间的比较。
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