Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, Heilongjiang, China.
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2021 Aug 1;17(8):1584-1597. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3106.
A variety of gadolinium (Gd) based nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized due to the unique magnetic properties of Gd-containing rare earth compounds and the particularity of micro/nano-materials, which were then incorporated into hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain inorganic-organic composite materials. Then, HA/Gd NPs containing slow-release transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) were harvested. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were extracted from the adipose tissue of a four-month-old New Zealand white rabbit. HA/Gd NPs were attached to absorbable gelatin sponge to obtain HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold. In addition, the third generation ADSCs were taken and cultured in the composite scaffold, so that ADSCs-HA/Gd bio-nanocomposites were obtained. The in vitro culture test of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 showed that Gd-containing NPs had good biocompatibility. The prepared HA/Gd NPs loaded with TGF-β1 were spherical, with an average particle size of (9.16 ± 3.16) μm. The NPs were easy to aggregate and adherent. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test results showed that TGF-β1 in NPs was sustained and released continuously for 29 days. HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold combined with ADSCs were co-cultured for three days, and the electron microscope showed that the HA/Gd NPs were dispersed, and the cells could adhere and grow well. Then, animal models of rabbit knee articular cartilage defects were established and were rolled into three groups (ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group, HA/Gd nano scaffold group, and blank control). The repair area of the rabbit knee of ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group was smooth and flat, the scaffold was absorbed, the toluidine blue stain was positive, and the type II collagen immunohistochemical stain was positive. In general, ADSCs-HA/Gd nanomaterials were helpful for chondrogenic cell differentiation and had certain adoption prospects in the field of tissue engineering to repair cartilage defects.
由于含钆稀土化合物的独特磁性和微/纳米材料的特殊性，合成了多种基于钆（Gd）的纳米颗粒（NPs），然后将其掺入羟基磷灰石（HA）中，以获得无机-有机复合材料。然后，收获含有缓慢释放转化生长因子（TGF-β1）的 HA/Gd NPs。从四个月大的新西兰白兔的脂肪组织中提取脂肪来源的干细胞（ADSCs）。将 HA/Gd NPs 附着在可吸收明胶海绵上，得到 HA/Gd NPs/明胶海绵复合支架。此外，取第三代 ADSCs 在复合支架中培养，得到 ADSCs-HA/Gd 生物纳米复合材料。成骨细胞 MC3T3-E1 的体外培养试验表明，含 Gd 的 NPs 具有良好的生物相容性。负载 TGF-β1 的 HA/Gd NPs 呈球形，平均粒径为（9.16±3.16）μm。 NPs 容易聚集和附着。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测结果表明，NPs 中的 TGF-β1 持续释放 29 天。HA/Gd NPs/明胶海绵复合支架与 ADSCs 共培养 3 天，电镜显示 HA/Gd NPs 分散，细胞能良好附着生长。然后，建立了兔膝关节软骨缺损动物模型，并将其分为三组（ADSCs-HA/Gd 纳米组、HA/Gd 纳米支架组和空白对照组）。ADSCs-HA/Gd 纳米组兔膝关节修复区平整光滑，支架吸收，甲苯胺蓝染色阳性，Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。综上所述，ADSCs-HA/Gd 纳米材料有助于软骨细胞的成软骨分化，在组织工程修复软骨缺损领域具有一定的应用前景。
