Tigu Fitsum, Gebremaryam Tsegay, Desalegn Asnake
Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Parasitol Res. 2021 Sep 10;2021:6727843. doi: 10.1155/2021/6727843. eCollection 2021.
Malaria is a serious public health problem of most developing countries, including Ethiopia. The burden of malaria is severely affecting the economy and lives of people, particularly among the productive ages of rural society. Thus, this study was targeted to analyze the past five-year retrospective malaria data among the rural setting of Maygaba town, Welkait district, northwest Ethiopia.
The study was done on 36,219 outpatients attending for malaria diagnosis during January 2015 to 2019. Data was extracted from the outpatient medical database. Chi-square ( ) test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the retrospective data. Statistical significance was defined at < 0.05.
Of 36,219 outpatients examined, 7,309 (20.2%) malaria-positive cases were reported during 2015-2019. There was a fluctuating trend in the number of malaria-suspected and -confirmed cases in each year. Male slide-confirmed (61.4%, = 4,485) were significantly higher than females (38.6%, = 2,824) ( < 005). and were the dominant parasites detected, which accounted for 66.1%; = 4832, 33.9%; = 2477, respectively. Despite the seasonal abundance of malaria cases, the highest prevalence was recorded in autumn (September to November) in the study area. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that statistically significant associations were observed between sexes, interseasons, mean seasonal rainfall, and mean seasonal temperature with the prevalence of . However, has shown a significant association with interseasons and mean seasonal temperature.
Although the overall prevalence of malaria was continually declined from 2015-2019, malaria remains the major public health problem in the study area. The severe species of was found to be the dominant parasite reported in the study area. A collaborative action between the national malaria control program and its partners towards the transmission, prevention, and control of the two deadly species is highly recommended.
疟疾是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的大多数发展中国家面临的严重公共卫生问题。疟疾负担严重影响着经济和人民生活，尤其是农村社会劳动年龄人群。因此，本研究旨在分析埃塞俄比亚西北部韦尔凯特地区迈加巴镇农村地区过去五年的疟疾回顾性数据。
本研究对2015年1月至2019年期间前来进行疟疾诊断的36219名门诊患者进行。数据从门诊医疗数据库中提取。采用卡方检验和二元逻辑回归模型分析回顾性数据。统计学显著性定义为P<0.05。
在36219名接受检查的门诊患者中，2015 - 2019年期间报告了7309例（20.2%）疟疾阳性病例。每年疟疾疑似和确诊病例数呈波动趋势。男性镜检确诊病例（61.4%，n = 4485）显著高于女性（38.6%，n = 2824）（P<0.05）。间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫是检测到的主要寄生虫，分别占66.1%（n = 4832）和33.9%（n = 2477）。尽管疟疾病例季节性高发，但研究地区秋季（9月至11月）患病率最高。二元逻辑回归分析显示，性别、季节间、平均季节性降雨量和平均季节性温度与间日疟原虫患病率之间存在统计学显著关联。然而，恶性疟原虫与季节间和平均季节性温度显示出显著关联。
尽管2015 - 2019年疟疾总体患病率持续下降，但疟疾仍是研究地区的主要公共卫生问题。发现间日疟原虫的严重种类是研究地区报告的主要寄生虫。强烈建议国家疟疾控制项目及其合作伙伴就这两种致命疟原虫的传播、预防和控制采取协同行动。
