Quantitative Account of the Bonding Properties of a Rubredoxin Model Complex [Fe(SCH)], = -2, -1, +2, +3.

Iron-sulfur clusters play important roles in biology as parts of electron-transfer chains and catalytic cofactors. Here, we report a detailed computational analysis of a structural model of the simplest natural iron-sulfur cluster of rubredoxin and its cationic counterparts. Specifically, we investigated adiabatic reduction energies, dissociation energies, and bonding properties of the low-lying electronic states of the complexes [Fe(SCH)] using multireference (CASSCF, MRCISD), and coupled cluster [CCSD(T)] methodologies. We show that the nature of the Fe-S chemical bond and the magnitude of the ionization potentials in the anionic and cationic [Fe(SCH)] complexes offer a physical rationale for the relative stabilization, structure, and speciation of these complexes. Anionic and cationic complexes present different types of chemical bonds: prevalently ionic in [Fe(SCH)] complexes and covalent in [Fe(SCH)] complexes. The ionic bonds result in an energy gain for the transition [Fe(SCH)] → [Fe(SCH)] (i.e., Fe → Fe) of 1.5 eV, while the covalent bonds result in an energy loss for the transition [Fe(SCH)] → [Fe(SCH)] of 16.6 eV, almost half of the ionization potential of Fe. The ionic versus covalent bond character influences the Fe-S bond strength and length, that is, ionic Fe-S bonds are longer than covalent ones by about 0.2 Å (for Fe) and 0.04 Å (for Fe). Finally, the average Fe-S heterolytic bond strength is 6.7 eV (Fe) and 14.6 eV (Fe) at the RCCSD(T) level of theory.