Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern,Switzerland.
Department of Elite Sport, Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen, Magglingen,Switzerland.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2022 Jan 1;32(1):41-48. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0043. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
Compared with adult athletes, rather little is known about supplementation behavior in adolescent athletes. This study's aim was to determine elite adolescent athletes' supplement use and sources of information relating thereto. A total of 430 (87%) of 496 questioned athletes returned the anonymized questionnaire. Thereof, 84% consumed at least one weekly supplement and 97% indicated some supplement intake during the previous 4 weeks. On average, 13.3 supplement servings were consumed per week. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile was 4.5, 10.5, and 20.0 servings per week, with a maximum of 67. The most prevalent supplements in use were multimineral products (41% of all athletes), multivitamins (34%), Vitamin C (34%), and Vitamin D (33%). Male athletes consumed significantly more Vitamin C and D, sports drinks, protein powder, and recovery products compared with female athletes; whereas, women consumed more iron supplements. The three most important motives for supplement use were recovery support (40%), health maintenance (39%), and performance enhancement (30%). The most frequent answers to the question "who recommended that you use supplements" were family/friends (36%), a physician (27%), and a trainer/coach (25%). The main three information sources about the supplements in use were the persons who recommended the supplementation (56%), the internet (25%), and information provided by supplement suppliers (11%). A positive doping attitude was associated with the consumption of performance enhancing supplements (p = .017). In conclusion, this study among elite adolescent Swiss athletes indicates a widespread and large-scale use of dietary supplements, which was associated with a low level of information quality.
与成年运动员相比，人们对青少年运动员的补充剂使用情况了解甚少。本研究旨在确定精英青少年运动员的补充剂使用情况及其相关信息来源。共有 496 名被调查运动员中有 430 名（87%）返回了匿名问卷。其中，84%的人每周至少服用一种补充剂，97%的人在过去 4 周内表示有某种补充剂摄入。平均每周摄入 13.3 份补充剂。25%、50%和 75%的补充剂摄入量分别为 4.5、10.5 和 20.0 份/周，最高为 67 份。使用率最高的补充剂依次为多种矿物质产品（所有运动员的 41%）、多种维生素（34%）、维生素 C（34%）和维生素 D（33%）。与女性运动员相比，男性运动员补充维生素 C 和 D、运动饮料、蛋白粉和恢复产品的比例明显更高；而女性则更多地补充铁补充剂。使用补充剂的三个最重要动机是恢复支持（40%）、保持健康（39%）和提高表现（30%）。回答“谁建议你使用补充剂”时，最常见的答案是家人/朋友（36%）、医生（27%）和培训师/教练（25%）。使用补充剂的三个主要信息来源是推荐补充剂的人（56%）、互联网（25%）和补充剂供应商提供的信息（11%）。对兴奋剂持积极态度与使用提高表现的补充剂有关（p =.017）。总之，这项针对瑞士精英青少年运动员的研究表明，广泛且大规模地使用了膳食补充剂，但信息质量较低。
