Gasparini Marina, Moro Valentina, Amato Stefania, Vanacore Nicola, Gambina Giuseppe
Centro di Riabilitazione Cognitiva e del Linguaggio.
Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2021 Jul-Sep;57(3):212-225. doi: 10.4415/ANN_21_03_04.
The progressive ageing of a population leads to an increase in the number of people suffering from cognitive deterioration. This requires particular attention in terms of the necessity to assess these people's cognitive functions and their capacity to make decisions. The present systematic review analyses the clinical and ethical aspects of any assessment of capacity, with a specific focus on the capacity of the individual to give informed consent for medical treatment and also with regard to their testamentary capacity. The results indicate that the concepts of capacity, competence and decision-making need to be better clarified, ad-hoc devised tools are required and a multidisciplinary, clinical and legal approach to assessments of capacity needs to be adopted. This is crucial to guarantee that the two ethical principles of capacity assessment are adhered to: respect for an individual's autonomy and the protection of fragile individuals.
人口老龄化的加剧导致认知功能衰退的人数增加。鉴于有必要评估这些人的认知功能及其决策能力，这一点需要特别关注。本系统综述分析了能力评估的临床和伦理方面，特别关注个人给予医疗治疗知情同意的能力以及其遗嘱能力。结果表明，能力、胜任力和决策的概念需要进一步明确，需要专门设计的工具，并且需要采用多学科、临床和法律的方法来进行能力评估。这对于确保遵守能力评估的两项伦理原则至关重要：尊重个人自主权和保护弱势群体。
