Kánainé Sipos Dóra, Csenki-Bakos Katalin, Ősz Ágnes, Bokor Zoltán, Kotrik László, Żarski Daniel, Ittzés István, Urbányi Béla, Kovács Balázs
Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter K. Str. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. Str. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Biol Futur. 2021 Sep;72(3):385-393. doi: 10.1007/s42977-021-00087-z. Epub 2021 May 24.
The Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) is native to almost entire Eurasia. For over the last two decades, this species became an important candidate for intensive freshwater aquaculture due to its high consumer's acceptance and overall market value. Hence, the intensive production of Eurasian perch has increased considerably allowing effective domestication; there is still a need for the development of effective selective breeding programmes allowing its further expansion. This process, in turn, can be significantly facilitated by molecular genetics. The genetic information of Eurasian perch and its populations is limited. Up to date information of regarding genetic diversity of many populations is still missing, including microsatellites for Eurasian perch, which could be useful during the selective breeding programmes allowing parental assignment and/or to follow heritability of desired traits. In this study, we have developed and characterized new polymorphic microsatellites. Subsequently, those 12 markers have been used further to compare two Hungarian and one Polish Eurasian perch populations. The Hungarian stocks had high genetic similarity (with low diversity), as we assumed, while the Polish population differed significantly. All populations deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and heterozygote deficiency was detected in all, showing the presence of an anthropogenic effect.
欧亚鲈（Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus，1758）原产于几乎整个欧亚大陆。在过去的二十年里，由于其较高的消费者接受度和整体市场价值，该物种成为集约化淡水养殖的重要候选对象。因此，欧亚鲈的集约化生产大幅增加，实现了有效的驯化；但仍需要制定有效的选择性育种计划，以进一步扩大其养殖规模。而分子遗传学可以极大地推动这一进程。欧亚鲈及其种群的遗传信息有限。许多种群的遗传多样性最新信息仍然缺失，包括欧亚鲈的微卫星信息，这些信息在选择性育种计划中有助于亲本鉴定和/或追踪所需性状的遗传力。在本研究中，我们开发并鉴定了新的多态性微卫星。随后，利用这12个标记进一步比较了两个匈牙利和一个波兰的欧亚鲈种群。正如我们所推测的，匈牙利种群具有较高的遗传相似性（多样性较低），而波兰种群则有显著差异。所有种群均显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡，且均检测到杂合子不足，表明存在人为影响。
