Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Subject Didactics and Educational Research and Development, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 23;16(9):e0255952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255952. eCollection 2021.
The effect of vegan diets on metabolic processes in the body is still controversial in ultra endurance athletes. The study aims to determine gut microbiome adaptation to extreme exercise according to vegan or omnivore diet consumed in ultra-marathoners. We also seek to evaluate long-term vegan diets' effects on redox homeostasis, and muscle fatigue, and assess energy availability.
Seventy participants will be assigned to the study, including 35 vegan ultra-marathoners and 35 omnivores competing in the Sri-Chinmoy ultra marathon race. Research data will be collected from the participants at four steps (three visits to the research laboratory and the race day) throughout the study. At the first visit (seven days before the race), fecal samples, and anthropometric measurements will be collected. Body composition will be measured using DXA. Participants will be informed about keeping detailed food records and will be asked to record their diet data and activity logs during the entire study period. At second visit, maximum oxygen consumption will be measured on treadmill. On race day, blood samples will be collected immediately before, and 0. min, 2 hours, and 24 hours after the race. Body weight will be measured before and after the race. The blood and fecal samples will be stored at -80 C until analysis. Plasma malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen metabolites, total antioxidant capacity, Heatshockprotein-70, and serum Orosomucoid-1 will be analyzed in blood samples. Fecal samples will be analyzed with shotgun metagenomic analysis and interpreted using bioinformatics pipeline (HumanN2). Statistical tests will be analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and R Software.
Study findings will determine the effects of the vegan diet on sports performance, revealing the multiple interactions between host and gut microbiome at the whole metagenomic level. Additionally, results will show the possible adaptation throughout the race by analyzing blood and fecal samples. Furthermore, by assessing energy availability and determining host-metabolite crosstalk for ultra-endurance athletes, possible nutritional deficiencies can be identified. Thus, advanced nutritional strategies can be developed based on metabolic needs.
Current controlled trials, ISRCTN registry 69541705. Registered on 8 December 2019.
纯素饮食对人体代谢过程的影响在超耐力运动员中仍存在争议。本研究旨在根据超马拉松运动员所食用的纯素或杂食饮食，确定肠道微生物组对极端运动的适应。我们还旨在评估长期纯素饮食对氧化还原平衡、肌肉疲劳的影响，并评估能量可用性。
将有 70 名参与者被分配到这项研究中，包括 35 名纯素超马拉松运动员和 35 名杂食超马拉松运动员参加 Sri-Chinmoy 超级马拉松比赛。研究数据将在整个研究过程中通过四个步骤（三次访问研究实验室和比赛日）从参与者处收集。在第一次访问（比赛前七天），将收集粪便样本和人体测量数据。使用 DXA 测量身体成分。将告知参与者详细记录饮食记录，并要求他们在整个研究期间记录饮食数据和活动日志。在第二次访问时，将在跑步机上测量最大耗氧量。在比赛日，将在比赛前、0 分钟、2 小时和 24 小时后立即采集血液样本。比赛前后将测量体重。将血液和粪便样本储存在-80°C 直至分析。将分析血液样本中的血浆丙二醛、活性氧代谢物、总抗氧化能力、热休克蛋白-70 和血清 Orosomucoid-1。将对粪便样本进行 shotgun 宏基因组分析，并使用生物信息学管道（HumanN2）进行解释。将使用 SPSS 版本 23.0 和 R 软件分析统计测试。
研究结果将确定纯素饮食对运动表现的影响，揭示宿主与肠道微生物组在整个宏基因组水平上的多种相互作用。此外，通过分析血液和粪便样本，将显示整个比赛过程中的可能适应。此外，通过评估超耐力运动员的能量可用性并确定宿主-代谢物串扰，可以确定可能的营养缺乏。因此，可以根据代谢需求制定先进的营养策略。
当前对照试验，ISRCTN 注册表 69541705。于 2019 年 12 月 8 日注册。
