Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India.
Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India.
Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 7;9:2868. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02868. eCollection 2018.
The interaction between the human microbiome and immune system has an effect on several human metabolic functions and impacts our well-being. Additionally, the interaction between humans and microbes can also play a key role in determining the wellness or disease status of the human body. Dysbiosis is related to a plethora of diseases, including skin, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological disorders. A better understanding of the host-microbe interaction is essential for determining the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these ailments. The significance of the microbiome on host health has led to the emergence of new therapeutic approaches focused on the prescribed manipulation of the host microbiome, either by removing harmful taxa or reinstating missing beneficial taxa and the functional roles they perform. Culturing large numbers of microbial taxa in the laboratory is problematic at best, if not impossible. Consequently, this makes it very difficult to comprehensively catalog the individual members comprising a specific microbiome, as well as understanding how microbial communities function and influence host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and computational tools have allowed an increasing number of metagenomic studies to be performed. These studies have provided key insights into the human microbiome and a host of other microbial communities in other environments. In the present review, the role of the microbiome as a therapeutic agent and its significance in human health and disease is discussed. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies for surveying host-microbe interactions are also discussed. Additionally, the correlation between the composition of the microbiome and infectious diseases as described in previously reported studies is covered as well. Lastly, recent advances in state-of-the-art bioinformatics software, workflows, and applications for analysing metagenomic data are summarized.
人体微生物组与免疫系统的相互作用对多种人体代谢功能有影响，并影响我们的健康。此外，人类与微生物之间的相互作用也可以在决定人体的健康或疾病状态方面发挥关键作用。肠道菌群失调与多种疾病有关，包括皮肤、炎症、代谢和神经紊乱。更好地了解宿主-微生物相互作用对于确定这些疾病的诊断和适当治疗至关重要。微生物组对宿主健康的重要性导致了新的治疗方法的出现，这些方法侧重于对宿主微生物组的有针对性的操纵，要么去除有害的分类群，要么恢复缺失的有益的分类群及其发挥的功能作用。在实验室中培养大量的微生物分类群充其量是有问题的，如果不是不可能的话。因此，这使得全面编目特定微生物组的个体成员以及了解微生物群落如何发挥作用并影响宿主-病原体相互作用变得非常困难。测序技术和计算工具的最新进展使得越来越多的宏基因组研究得以进行。这些研究为人类微生物组和其他许多环境中的微生物群落提供了关键的见解。在本综述中，讨论了微生物组作为治疗剂的作用及其在人类健康和疾病中的重要性。还讨论了用于调查宿主-微生物相互作用的高通量测序技术的进展。此外，还涵盖了之前报道的研究中描述的微生物组组成与传染病之间的相关性。最后，总结了用于分析宏基因组数据的最先进的生物信息学软件、工作流程和应用程序的最新进展。
