Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
J Control Release. 2021 Nov 10;339:41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.025. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Cancer, a disease of unknown origin is the second most common reason of death worldwide after heart attacks and therefore is a major threat to human beings. Currently, chemotherapy is the only approach for delivering anti-cancer drugs but shows severe systemic toxicities such as alopecia, loss of appetite, anemia, gastric irritation, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Additionally, chemotherapeutics fails to achieve the expected therapeutic outcome due to their limited solubility, in-vivo instability and lack of targeting efficiency. Encapsulating drugs in metallic nanoparticles like gold, silver and metal oxides (magnetic) help to overcome limitations of chemotherapy and transports anti-cancer drugs effectively at the targeted site due to the advantages such as optimal size, surface morphology, higher conductivity and in-vivo stability. Moreover, these metals can be triggered externally using NIR radiations or magnetic field thereby improving the drug release kinetics. Some frequently used chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, methotrexate, etc. degrade rapidly due to their hydrophobic nature and show in-vivo instability. Cyclodextrin offers structural compatibility for encapsulating such hydrophobic drugs and improves their loading capacity, solubility and stability without showing any systemic toxicities. Therefore, researchers designed cyclodextrin-complexed metallic nanoparticles as a novel platform to overcome pitfalls of conventional chemotherapy like gastric irritation, hair loss, neurotoxicity, etc. This review article provides detail insight of metallic nanocarriers containing cyclodextrin-encapsulated anti-cancer agents for effective cancer therapy. It can be concluded that this novel approach holds a great potential for clinical application in cancer diagnosis, treatment with minimum toxicity and maximum efficacy.
癌症是一种病因不明的疾病，是全球仅次于心脏病的第二大致死原因，因此对人类构成了重大威胁。目前，化疗是提供抗癌药物的唯一方法，但会表现出严重的全身毒性，如脱发、食欲不振、贫血、胃刺激、神经毒性和肾毒性。此外，由于其有限的溶解度、体内不稳定性和缺乏靶向效率，化疗无法达到预期的治疗效果。将药物封装在金属纳米粒子（如金、银和金属氧化物（磁性）中有助于克服化疗的局限性，并由于最佳尺寸、表面形态、更高的导电性和体内稳定性等优势，有效地将抗癌药物输送到靶向部位。此外，这些金属可以通过近红外辐射或磁场外部触发，从而改善药物释放动力学。一些常用的化疗药物，如阿霉素、紫杉醇、甲氨蝶呤等，由于其疏水性而迅速降解，并表现出体内不稳定性。环糊精为封装此类疏水性药物提供了结构兼容性，提高了其载药量、溶解度和稳定性，而没有表现出任何全身毒性。因此，研究人员设计了环糊精复合金属纳米粒子作为一种克服传统化疗如胃刺激、脱发、神经毒性等缺陷的新平台。本文综述了载有环糊精包裹抗癌药物的金属纳米载体在有效癌症治疗中的详细应用。可以得出结论，这种新方法在癌症诊断、治疗方面具有很大的临床应用潜力，具有最小的毒性和最大的疗效。
