Effects of repeated manganese treatment on proton magnetic resonance spectra of the globus pallidus in rat brain.

Excessive manganese is neurotoxic, which means that it can affect the concentrations of metabolite in H MRS. In addition, manganese is paramagnetic and it may influence the relaxation times of the metabolite. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the metabolite relaxation properties and concentrations to exogenous manganese deposition in the globus pallidus (GP) of rat brain after repeated manganese injection. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H MRS) experiments in vivo and ex vivo were carried out to evaluate the changes in the metabolite concentration and the major metabolite relaxation times, and histological experiments were also performed after repeated manganese administration. Only the T value for N-acetylaspartate (NAA) of the GP was significantly reduced after 1 day of manganese injection compared with that of the control group (p < 0.025). The T and T values for NAA and total creatine (tCr) (p < 0.025), along with the amounts of NAA, tCr, myo-inositol, choline, and glutamate (p < 0.0086) in the GP, were all significantly decreased after 5 days of manganese administration compared with that of the control group. The changes in the concentration and relaxation properties of NAA and tCr in the GP of rat brain indicated that manganese represented paramagnetism and neurotoxicity after repeated administration. Accurate knowledge of relaxation properties and concentrations of NAA and tCr in this study could help appropriate selection of sequence parameters to improve the ability to distinguish the brain regions affected in cases of manganese poisoning.