Kane John P, Pullinger Clive R, Goldfine Ira D, Malloy Mary J
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021 Dec;61:21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.013. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease. We are increasingly gaining a better understanding of its mechanisms at the molecular level. From these new insights, better therapeutic approaches should emerge. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with many associated subphenotypes. These include mitochondrial disorders, lipodystrophies, and inflammatory disorders involving cytokines. Levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate, which has recently been shown to play a role in glucose homeostasis, are low in diabetics, whereas levels of ceramides are increased. Major phenotypes associated with diabetes mellitus are dyslipidemias, notably hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Both diabetes and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease.
糖尿病是一种复杂的疾病。我们正日益在分子水平上更好地理解其发病机制。基于这些新的认识，应该会出现更好的治疗方法。糖尿病是一种伴有许多相关亚表型的综合征。这些包括线粒体疾病、脂肪营养不良以及涉及细胞因子的炎症性疾病。最近已证明在葡萄糖稳态中起作用的1-磷酸鞘氨醇水平在糖尿病患者中较低，而神经酰胺水平则升高。与糖尿病相关的主要表型是血脂异常，尤其是高甘油三酯血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。糖尿病和血脂异常都与动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病风险增加密切相关。
