İzmir Democracy University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mehmet Ali Akman Street, 13/2, 35290, Konak, İzmir, Turkey.
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey.
Reprod Toxicol. 2021 Dec;106:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.011. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an artificial chemical, and one of the significant external routes of daily BPA exposure is diet. Dietary BPA exposure can be calculated by urinary BPA concentration and dietary recall data. This cross-sectional study investigates exclusively breastfeeding women's BPA exposure by urinary total BPA concentration and nutritional records, including the 24 h Dietary Recall (HDR) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, we included exclusively breastfeeding, healthy women volunteers (n = 80; 18-40 years), collected spot-morning urine samples and conducted a comprehensive face-to-face survey. Moreover, the women's urine BPA concentration was adjusted according to their urine creatinine concentrations. We assessed dietary BPA intake with the 24HDR and FFQ. Estimated daily BPA exposure according to urinary output volume and urinary creatinine concentration median values were 0.0507 and 0.06 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, dietary BPA daily intake was found to be 0.17 and 0.95 μg/kg bw/day according to 24HDR data and FFQ data. The milk and dairy product group's and soft drinks group's contributions to the daily intake of BPA were 55.9 % and 25.92 %, respectively. The hazard ratio for BPA exposure was within limits according to references, including US EPA, Health Canada, and EFSA. This study indicates that BPA exposure, based on both total urinary BPA concentration and dietary recall data, was within the recommended daily intake level (4 μg/kg bw/day). However, further studies are required to understand the influence of seasonal, multicentre, and socioeconomic differences on BPA exposure.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种人工化学物质，日常 BPA 暴露的重要途径之一是饮食。膳食 BPA 暴露可通过尿 BPA 浓度和饮食回忆数据来计算。本横断面研究通过尿总 BPA 浓度和营养记录（包括 24 小时饮食回忆（HDR）和食物频率问卷（FFQ））专门研究纯母乳喂养女性的 BPA 暴露情况。在这项研究中，我们纳入了 80 名健康的纯母乳喂养女性志愿者（18-40 岁），收集了晨尿样本，并进行了全面的面对面调查。此外，还根据尿液肌酐浓度调整了女性尿液 BPA 浓度。我们使用 24HDR 和 FFQ 评估膳食 BPA 摄入量。根据尿排量和尿肌酐浓度中位数，估计的每日 BPA 暴露量分别为 0.0507 和 0.06μg/kg bw/day。此外，根据 24HDR 数据和 FFQ 数据，膳食 BPA 每日摄入量分别为 0.17 和 0.95μg/kg bw/day。牛奶和奶制品组和软饮料组对 BPA 每日摄入量的贡献分别为 55.9%和 25.92%。根据美国环保署、加拿大卫生部和欧洲食品安全局等参考资料，BPA 暴露的危害比处于限值范围内。本研究表明，基于总尿 BPA 浓度和饮食回忆数据，BPA 暴露处于推荐的每日摄入量（4μg/kg bw/day）范围内。然而，需要进一步的研究来了解季节性、多中心和社会经济差异对 BPA 暴露的影响。
