School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Ankara University, Dikimevi, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
Eur J Pediatr. 2019 Apr;178(4):541-550. doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03329-4. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
The aims of this study were to determine bisphenol A (BPA) levels in breast milk and urine specimens of healthy mother and exclusively breastfed infant pairs having no known BPA exposure, and also to examine the relationship between BPA levels and possible BPA exposure history. Forty mothers and their 1-2-month-old exclusively breastfeed infant were included in the study. The questionnaires about sociodemographic characteristics and possible BPA exposure history were filled out. Breast milk and urine samples were taken. BPA analyses of these samples were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. All mother-infant pairs showed detectable BPA concentrations. The geometric means of BPA levels in breast milk, maternal urine, and infant urine were determined as 0.12 μg/L (0.03-0.59), 0.12 μg/L (0.03-0.73), and 0.13 μg/L (0.02-0.44), respectively. Infants whose mothers were consuming yoghurt in plastic containers had relatively higher urinary BPA levels (p = 0.00). Mothers consuming hot beverages in plastic glass showed higher breast milk BPA levels (p = 0.033). There were no statistical associations between BPA levels and the use of plastic materials and tools (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The measurable BPA concentrations in all breast milk specimens of healthy mothers may reflect possible exposure from dietary or non-dietary sources. Exclusively, breastfed healthy infants without any known BPA exposure may be exposed to BPA from their mothers through breastfeeding. What is Known: • Fetuses, neonates and infants are exposed to BPA from their mothers through placental transfer and breastfeeding. • Breast milk is considered a continuous low-level exposure to BPA. What is New: • BPA was detected in 100% of maternal urine, infant urine, and breast milk in healthy mother-infant pairs having no known BPA exposure. • The measurable amount of BPA in breast milk and infant urine may reflect possible BPA exposure of mother-infant pairs.
本研究旨在测定无已知双酚 A（BPA）暴露的健康母婴母乳和尿液样本中的 BPA 水平，并探讨 BPA 水平与可能的 BPA 暴露史之间的关系。本研究纳入了 40 对母婴。填写了有关社会人口统计学特征和可能的 BPA 暴露史的问卷。采集了母乳和尿液样本。使用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对这些样本进行了 BPA 分析。所有母婴对均显示可检测到的 BPA 浓度。母乳、产妇尿液和婴儿尿液中 BPA 水平的几何平均值分别确定为 0.12μg/L（0.03-0.59）、0.12μg/L（0.03-0.73）和 0.13μg/L（0.02-0.44）。母亲食用塑料容器中的酸奶的婴儿尿液中 BPA 水平相对较高（p=0.00）。母亲使用塑料杯饮用热饮的母乳中 BPA 水平较高（p=0.033）。BPA 水平与塑料材料和工具的使用之间无统计学关联（p＞0.05）。结论：健康母亲的所有母乳样本中均可检测到可测量的 BPA 浓度，这可能反映了来自饮食或非饮食来源的可能暴露。没有任何已知 BPA 暴露的纯母乳喂养健康婴儿可能通过母乳喂养从母亲那里接触到 BPA。已知情况：• 胎儿、新生儿和婴儿通过胎盘转移和母乳喂养从母亲那里接触到 BPA。• 母乳被认为是 BPA 的持续低水平暴露。新情况：• 在无已知 BPA 暴露的健康母婴对中，100%的母乳、婴儿尿液和产妇尿液中均检测到 BPA。• 母乳和婴儿尿液中可测量的 BPA 量可能反映了母婴对的可能 BPA 暴露。
