Hoffmann D, Harley N H, Fisenne I, Adams J D, Brunnemann K D
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Mar;76(3):435-7.
The oral use of snuff has been associated with an increased-risk for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. The five most popular U.S. snuff brands were analyzed for alkaloids, volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8), and polonium-210. The carcinogenic TSNA in the five snuff brands ranged from 9,600 to 289,000 ppb. These concentrations exceed the nitrosamine concentrations of other consumer products by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Polonium amounted to 0.16-1.22 pCi/g dry snuff. Trace amounts of benzo[a]pyrene (0.1-63 ppb) were indicative of contamination of the tobacco with thermal degradation products, probably due to fire curing or flue curing. The findings from this study, the biologic activity of snuff in animal models, and the epidemiologic studies on snuff use and oral cancer strongly suggest the need for reduction of carcinogens and especially of nitrosamines and polonium-210 in snuff.
吸鼻烟与口腔癌和咽癌风险增加有关。对美国最流行的五个鼻烟品牌进行了生物碱、挥发性和烟草特有N-亚硝胺（TSNA）、苯并[a]芘（CAS：50-32-8）和钋-210的分析。五个鼻烟品牌中的致癌TSNA含量在9600至289000 ppb之间。这些浓度比其他消费品中的亚硝胺浓度至少高出两个数量级。钋含量为0.16 - 1.22 pCi/g干鼻烟。痕量的苯并[a]芘（0.1 - 63 ppb）表明烟草受到热降解产物的污染，可能是由于火烤或烟熏烘烤所致。这项研究的结果、鼻烟在动物模型中的生物活性以及关于鼻烟使用与口腔癌的流行病学研究强烈表明，有必要减少鼻烟中的致癌物，尤其是亚硝胺和钋-210。
