Lawn Brian R, Borrero-Lopez Oscar, Huang Han, Zhang Yu
Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, MD 20899, United States.
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
J Am Ceram Soc. 2021 Jan;104(1):5-22. doi: 10.1111/jace.17502. Epub 2020 Sep 27.
Hard and brittle solids with covalent/ionic bonding are used in a wide range of modern-day manufacturing technologies. Optimization of a shaping process can shorten manufacturing time and cost of component production, and at the same time extend component longevity. The same process may contribute to wear and fatigue degradation in service. Educated development of advanced finishing protocols for this class of solids requires a comprehensive understanding of damage mechanisms at small-scale contacts from a materials science perspective. In this article the fundamentals of brittle-ductile transitions in indentation stress fields are surveyed, with distinctions between axial and sliding loading and blunt and sharp contacts. Attendant deformation and removal mechanisms in microcontact processes are analyzed and discussed in the context of brittle and ductile machining and severe and mild wear. The central role of material microstructure in material removal modes is demonstrated.
具有共价/离子键的硬而脆的固体被广泛应用于现代制造技术中。优化成型工艺可以缩短零部件生产的制造时间和成本，同时延长零部件的使用寿命。然而，相同的工艺可能会导致服役过程中的磨损和疲劳退化。从材料科学的角度出发，有针对性地开发适用于这类固体的先进精加工方案，需要全面了解小尺度接触下的损伤机制。本文综述了压痕应力场中脆韧转变的基本原理，区分了轴向加载和滑动加载以及钝接触和尖接触。在脆性和韧性加工以及严重和轻微磨损的背景下，分析和讨论了微接触过程中伴随的变形和去除机制。证明了材料微观结构在材料去除模式中的核心作用。
