Hagai Ella Ben, Annechino Rachelle, Young Nicholas, Antin Tamar
Department of Psychology, California State University Fullerton.
Center for Critical Public Health, Oakland.
J Soc Issues. 2020 Dec;76(4):971-992. doi: 10.1111/josi.12405. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
In this study we analyze 50 interviews with racially diverse, predominantly low-income, LGBTQ participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rooted in intersectional theory that conceptualizes identities as shaped by interlocking forms of oppression and privilege, we compared interviews with "Baby Boomers" to those with "Millennial" participants, who came into adulthood in a time of greater legal and social inclusion for LGBTQ people. Our analysis focused on three questions: How do participants understand their sexual identities? How are the identities of sexual minority participants co-constructed with intersecting forms of oppression? What motivates LGBTQ people in our sample to engage in social justice work? We found that white LGBTQ people tended to see their sexualities as primary to their identity, compared to LGBTQ Black and/or Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC) who tended to see their identities in intersectional terms. Younger LGBTQ people were more likely to delink sex and gender identity; consequently, they were more likely to frame their sexual identities with terms not rooted in a gender binary (e.g., pansexual or queer). Experiences with homophobia were prevalent across generations, and intersected with racism and economic oppressions, but younger people more often described support from institutional agents. Participants' sense of community and commitment to giving back after experiences of trauma motivated them to engage in social justice work. Our findings highlight the intersectional nature of oppressions faced by LGBTQ people and the need for organizations to move away from focusing exclusively on homophobic oppression as a monolith.
在本研究中，我们分析了对居住在旧金山湾区的50名不同种族、主要为低收入的 LGBTQ 参与者的访谈。基于交叉性理论，该理论将身份概念化为由相互交织的压迫和特权形式塑造而成，我们将对“婴儿潮一代”的访谈与对“千禧一代”参与者的访谈进行了比较，千禧一代在 LGBTQ 人群获得更多法律和社会包容的时期成年。我们的分析聚焦于三个问题：参与者如何理解他们的性身份？性少数群体参与者的身份是如何与交叉形式的压迫共同构建的？我们样本中的 LGBTQ 人群参与社会正义工作的动机是什么？我们发现，与倾向于从交叉角度看待自身身份的 LGBTQ 黑人和/或有色人种原住民（BIPOC）相比，白人 LGBTQ 人群倾向于将他们的性取向视为其身份的首要方面。年轻的 LGBTQ 人群更有可能将性与性别身份脱钩；因此，他们更有可能用不植根于性别二元论的术语（例如泛性恋或酷儿）来界定自己的性身份。恐同经历在各代人中都很普遍，并且与种族主义和经济压迫交织在一起，但年轻人更常描述得到了机构主体的支持。参与者的社区感以及在经历创伤后回馈社会的承诺促使他们参与社会正义工作。我们的研究结果凸显了 LGBTQ 人群所面临压迫的交叉性本质，以及各组织需要摆脱仅将恐同压迫视为一个整体的关注重点。
