Svensson Martina, Brundin Lena, Erhardt Sophie, Hållmarker Ulf, James Stefan, Deierborg Tomas
Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Center for Neurodegenerative Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MN, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 10;12:714014. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714014. eCollection 2021.
Physical activity may prevent anxiety, but the importance of exercise intensity, sex-specific mechanisms, and duration of the effects remains largely unknown. We used an observational study design to follow 395,369 individuals for up to 21 years to investigate if participation in an ultralong-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet, up to 90 km) was associated with a lower risk of developing anxiety. Skiers in the race and matched non-skiers from the general population were studied after participation in the race using the Swedish population and patient registries. Skiers ( = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) had a significantly lower risk of developing anxiety during the follow-up compared to non-skiers (adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.42). However, among women, higher physical performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of anxiety compared to slower skiing women (HR 2.00). For men, the finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of anxiety. Our results support the recommendations of engaging in physical activity to decrease the risk of anxiety in both men and women. The impact of physical performance level on the risk of anxiety requires further investigations among women.
体育活动可能预防焦虑，但运动强度、性别特异性机制以及这些影响的持续时间的重要性在很大程度上仍不为人所知。我们采用观察性研究设计，对395369人进行了长达21年的跟踪调查，以研究参加超长距离越野滑雪比赛（瓦萨滑雪赛，赛程长达90公里）是否与较低的焦虑症发病风险相关。在比赛结束后，利用瑞典人口和患者登记系统，对参赛的滑雪者以及从普通人群中匹配的非滑雪者进行了研究。与非滑雪者相比，滑雪者（n = 197685，中位年龄36岁，女性占38%）在随访期间患焦虑症的风险显著较低（调整后的风险比，HR 0.42）。然而，在女性中，与滑雪速度较慢的女性相比，体能较高（以完成比赛的用时衡量，代表较高的运动剂量）与焦虑症风险增加相关（HR 2.00）。对于男性而言，比赛用时对焦虑症风险没有显著影响。我们的研究结果支持通过进行体育活动来降低男性和女性焦虑症风险的建议。体能水平对焦虑症风险的影响需要在女性中进一步研究。
