Kołodziejczyk Krzysztof
Department of Regional Geography and Tourism, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroclaw, 54-152 Wroclaw, Poland.
J Mt Sci. 2021;18(9):2213-2239. doi: 10.1007/s11629-021-6853-9. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
Along the Czech-German border there are four national parks, two Czech and two German, arranged in cross-border 'pairs'. This article focuses on the southern 'pair' formed by the parks of Šumava and Bayerischer Wald (Bavarian Forest). The aim is to evaluate and compare tourism organization in their areas, taking into account selected aspects of management: the network of hiking trails with its related infrastructure, transport accessibility, a typology of tourist centers, as well as directions and destinations of tourist movements. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the availability of geographical space for tourists is much greater in the German than in the Czech national park, and the tourism infrastructure is clearly more extensive there, including the network of tourist trails. This is mainly due to the longer and fairly uninterrupted development of tourism in this area. Šumava National Park can be identified as a model in terms of how to adjust the directions of tourist movements and the layout of the tourist trail network to the needs of natural environment. On the basis of observations in both national parks, it is possible to indicate various solutions that, after appropriate adaptation, may bring benefits to other protected areas.
沿着捷克与德国边境分布着四个国家公园，其中两个在捷克，两个在德国，它们以跨境“配对”的形式排列。本文聚焦于由舒马瓦国家公园和巴伐利亚森林国家公园组成的南部“配对”。目的是评估和比较它们所在区域的旅游组织情况，同时考虑管理的选定方面：徒步小径网络及其相关基础设施、交通可达性、旅游中心类型，以及游客流动的方向和目的地。根据结果可以得出结论，德国国家公园为游客提供的地理空间比捷克国家公园大得多，而且那里的旅游基础设施明显更广泛，包括旅游步道网络。这主要是由于该地区旅游业发展时间更长且相当连贯。就如何根据自然环境需求调整游客流动方向和旅游步道网络布局而言，舒马瓦国家公园堪称典范。基于对两个国家公园的观察，可以指出各种经过适当调整后可能会给其他保护区带来益处的解决方案。
