Abdellah Ali Salah F, Althobaiti Ibrahim O, El-Rafey E, Gad Ehab S
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Gurayat 77217, Saudi Arabia.
Materials Science Department, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
ACS Omega. 2021 Sep 13;6(37):23924-23933. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02932. eCollection 2021 Sep 21.
As a filler to be inserted into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), low-cost olive pits flour (OPF) and precipitated bio-calcium carbonate (PBCC)-produced PVC/OPF/PBCC composites have been used with high stability and rigidity compared to PVC. Hydrogen bonding is generated between OH cellulose in OPF and H in PVC. Composite tensile modulus increased in PVC grid in the presence of PBCC and OPF, possibly because of a filler restriction effect on the polymer chains. The hardness also increased as both OPF and PBCC increased. The mechanical tendency of the PVC/OPF composite was improved by adding a low content of PBCC particles with the PVC network, resulting in a smart distribution in the range of 10% by weight, and it was reduced by adding more than that percentage. The successful distribution of PBCC in PVC/OPF composite strengthened the mechanical path. The morphology and possible interface adhesion of components in the composite were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PVC SEM images showed a homogeneous, smart, and consistent surface, while the PVC/60 wt % OPF SEM images showed a large number of voids that suggested weak PVC/OPF interactions. The SEM images showed outstanding PBCC distribution in the PVC/OPF matrix for the PVC/50 wt % OPF/10 wt % PBCC composite. Due to the accumulation of PBCC particles producing cavities, the distribution of particles became nonhomogeneous at percentages above 10 wt %. At a low filler material, better spread of PBCC particles in the PVC grid was achieved. Owing to the polarity of OPF, the HO absorption and thickness swelling of PVC/OPF/PBCC composites showed higher amounts than PVC. PBCC improved the thermal stabilization and the neutralization of Cl negative ions as an acid acceptor of secondary PVC stabilization.
作为一种填充剂，低成本的橄榄核粉（OPF）和沉淀生物碳酸钙（PBCC）被用于制备聚氯乙烯（PVC）/OPF/PBCC复合材料，并填充到聚氯乙烯（PVC）中。与PVC相比，该复合材料具有高稳定性和刚性。OPF中的OH纤维素与PVC中的H之间形成了氢键。在PBCC和OPF存在的情况下，PVC网格中的复合拉伸模量增加，这可能是由于填料对聚合物链的限制作用。随着OPF和PBCC含量的增加，硬度也随之增加。通过在PVC网络中添加低含量的PBCC颗粒，PVC/OPF复合材料的机械性能得到改善，导致其在10%重量范围内实现了智能分布，而超过该百分比则会降低。PBCC在PVC/OPF复合材料中的成功分布加强了机械路径。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料中各组分的形态和可能的界面粘附进行了表征。PVC的SEM图像显示出均匀、智能且一致的表面，而PVC/60 wt% OPF的SEM图像显示出大量空隙，这表明PVC/OPF之间的相互作用较弱。对于PVC/50 wt% OPF/10 wt% PBCC复合材料，SEM图像显示PBCC在PVC/OPF基体中分布出色。由于PBCC颗粒的积累产生了空洞，当百分比高于10 wt%时，颗粒分布变得不均匀。在低填充材料的情况下，PBCC颗粒在PVC网格中实现了更好的分散。由于OPF的极性，PVC/OPF/PBCC复合材料的HO吸收和厚度溶胀比PVC更高。PBCC作为二次PVC稳定化的酸受体，提高了热稳定性并中和了Cl负离子。
