CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNUFLORES) Ammonstrasse 74, 01067, Dresden, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 1):150444. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150444. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Biochar has been of considerable importance for various environmental applications in recent years. It has exhibited substantial advantages like favourable structural and surface properties, easy process of preparation and widely available feedstocks. These set of exceptional properties make it an efficient, cost-effective and environment friendly source for diversified elimination of pollutants. The heterogeneity of physico-chemical properties offers a possibility for biochar to optimize its efficacy for targeted applications. This review aims to highlight the critical role that biochar plays in various environmental applications, be it in soil, water or air. In particular the article offers a comprehensive review of the recent research findings and updates related to the diversified role of biochar. Also, the interaction of pollutants with biochar functional groups and the impact of variation of parameters on biochar attribute relevant to specific pollutant removal, modifications, mechanisms involved and competence for such removal has been discussed. Different technologies for production of biochar have also been summarized with an emphasis on post treatment of biochar, such as modification and doping. In addition to this, the underlying gaps in the studies carried out so far and recommendations for future research areas in biochar have also been deliberated.
生物炭近年来在各种环境应用中具有相当重要的意义。它具有许多优点，如有利的结构和表面特性、易于制备的过程和广泛可用的原料。这组特殊的性质使它成为一种高效、经济实惠且环保的污染源，可用于多样化的污染物去除。其物理化学性质的异质性使得生物炭有可能针对特定应用优化其功效。本综述旨在强调生物炭在土壤、水或空气中的各种环境应用中所起的关键作用。特别是本文全面回顾了与生物炭多样化作用相关的最新研究发现和更新。此外，还讨论了污染物与生物炭官能团的相互作用，以及参数变化对与特定污染物去除相关的生物炭属性的影响、涉及的改性、机制和去除能力。还总结了不同的生物炭生产技术，重点是生物炭的后处理，如改性和掺杂。除此之外，还讨论了迄今为止开展的研究中存在的差距，并为生物炭的未来研究领域提出了建议。
