Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada.
School of Human Kinetics, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada.
J Vasc Res. 2022;59(1):16-23. doi: 10.1159/000518985. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Chronic endurance exercise training elicits desirable physiological adaptations in the cardiovascular system. The volume of exercise training required to generate healthy adaptations is unclear. This study assessed the effects of differing exercise training levels on arterial stiffness, compliance, and autonomic function.
Eighty healthy adults (38.5 ± 9.7 years; 44% female) defined as endurance-trained (ET, n = 29), normally active (NA, n = 27), or inactive (IN, n = 24) participated. Cardiovascular markers, including hemodynamics, large arterial compliance and small arterial compliance (LAC and SAC), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) were assessed.
ET showed significantly greater LAC values (21.4 ± 6.5) than NA (16.9 ± 2.5; p = 0.002) and IN (14.7 ± 3.2 mL × mm Hg × 10; p = 0.028). Values for SAC and BRS were significantly higher in ET than IN (p < 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively), but not NA. Compared to IN, PWV values for ET and NA were significantly lower (p < 0.003). After adjusting for covariates (age, sex, and SBP), significant associations with cardiovascular fitness status were noted for all markers but BRS.
Endurance exercise increases LAC likely due to high-volume training; however, lower volumes of physical activity may be sufficient to positively benefit vascular health overall.
慢性耐力运动训练会引起心血管系统的理想生理适应。产生健康适应所需的运动训练量尚不清楚。本研究评估了不同运动训练水平对动脉僵硬、顺应性和自主功能的影响。
80 名健康成年人（38.5 ± 9.7 岁；44%为女性）分为耐力训练组（ET，n = 29）、正常活动组（NA，n = 27）和不活动组（IN，n = 24）。评估心血管标志物，包括血流动力学、大动脉顺应性和小动脉顺应性（LAC 和 SAC）、颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度（PWV）和自主压力感受性反射敏感性（BRS）。
ET 的 LAC 值（21.4 ± 6.5）明显大于 NA（16.9 ± 2.5；p = 0.002）和 IN（14.7 ± 3.2 mL × mm Hg × 10；p = 0.028）。ET 的 SAC 和 BRS 值明显高于 IN（p < 0.001 和 p = 0.028），但与 NA 无差异。与 IN 相比，ET 和 NA 的 PWV 值明显更低（p < 0.003）。调整协变量（年龄、性别和 SBP）后，所有标志物与心血管健康状况均存在显著相关性，但 BRS 除外。
耐力运动通过高容量训练增加 LAC，但较低的体力活动量也可能对整体血管健康产生积极影响。
