Giraud Gwennan, Sosa Sebastian, Hambuckers Alain, Deleuze Stefan, Wandia I Nengah, Huynen Marie-Claude, Poncin Pascal, Brotcorne Fany
Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium.
Department of Ecology, Physiology and Ethology, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Aug 29;11(9):2538. doi: 10.3390/ani11092538.
Contraception is increasingly used to control wild animal populations. However, as reproductive condition influences social interactions in primates, the absence of new offspring could influence the females' social integration. We studied two groups of wild macaques () including females recently sterilized in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Indonesia. We used social network analysis to examine female grooming and proximity networks and investigated the role of infant presence on social centrality and group connectivity, while controlling for the fertility status (sterilized N = 14, intact N = 34). We compared the ego networks of females experiencing different nursing conditions (young infant (YI) vs. old infant (OI) vs. non-nursing (NN) females). YI females were less central in the grooming network than other females while being more central in proximity networks, suggesting they could keep proximity within the group to protect their infant from hazards, while decreasing direct grooming interactions, involving potential risks such as kidnapping. The centrality of sterilized and intact females was similar, except for the proximity network where sterilized females had more partners and a better group connectivity. These results confirm the influence of nursing condition in female macaque social networks and did not show any negative short-term effects of sterilization on social integration.
避孕措施越来越多地被用于控制野生动物数量。然而，由于生殖状况会影响灵长类动物的社会互动，新后代的缺失可能会影响雌性动物的社会融入。我们研究了两组野生猕猴（），其中包括最近在印度尼西亚乌布猴林接受绝育的雌性猕猴。我们使用社会网络分析来研究雌性猕猴的梳理毛发和接近网络，并在控制生育状况（绝育N = 14，未绝育N = 34）的同时，调查幼崽的存在对社会中心性和群体连通性的作用。我们比较了处于不同哺乳状况的雌性猕猴的自我网络（有年幼幼崽（YI）的雌性、有年长幼崽（OI）的雌性和不哺乳（NN）的雌性）。有年幼幼崽的雌性在梳理毛发网络中的中心性低于其他雌性，但在接近网络中的中心性更高，这表明它们可以在群体中保持接近，以保护自己的幼崽免受危害，同时减少直接的梳理毛发互动，因为这种互动涉及绑架等潜在风险。绝育和未绝育雌性的中心性相似，但在接近网络中，绝育雌性有更多的伙伴，群体连通性更好。这些结果证实了哺乳状况对雌性猕猴社会网络的影响，并且没有显示出绝育对社会融入有任何负面短期影响。
