Loudon James E, Howells Michaela E, Wolfe Christopher A, Buana I Nyoman, Buda Wayan, Wandia I Nengah, Putra I Gusti Agung Arta, Patterson Meghan, Fuentes Agustín
Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 28;14(1):117. doi: 10.3390/ani14010117.
Wildlife that inhabit urban landscapes face the dual challenge of negotiating their positions in their group while navigating obstacles of anthropogenically modified landscapes. The dynamics of urban environments can result in novel injuries and mortalities for these animals. However, these negative impacts can be mitigated through planning, and onsite veterinary care like that provided by the Ubud Monkey Forest in Bali, Indonesia. We examined 275 recorded injuries and mortalities among six social groups of long-tailed macaques () brought to the veterinary clinic from 2015-2018. We fit the probabilities of injury vs. death among macaques brought to the clinic using a multilevel logistic regression model to infer the relationship between injury vs. death and associated demographic parameters. Males were more likely to sustain injuries and females were more likely to die. The frequency of injuries and mortalities changed over the four-year study period, which was reflected in our model. The odds of mortality were highest among young macaques and the odds of injury vs. mortality varied across the six social groups. We categorized injuries and mortalities as "natural" or "anthropogenic". Most injuries and mortalities were naturally occurring, but powerlines, motorized vehicles, and plastic present ongoing anthropogenic threats to macaque health. Most wounds and injuries were successfully treated, with healthy animals released back to their group. We suggest other sites with high levels of human-alloprimate interplays consider the Ubud Monkey Forest veterinary office as a model of care and potentially adopt their approaches.
既要在群体中找准自己的位置，又要在人为改造的景观中穿越重重障碍。城市环境的动态变化可能给这些动物带来新的伤害和死亡。然而，通过规划以及像印度尼西亚巴厘岛乌布猴林提供的现场兽医护理等措施，这些负面影响是可以减轻的。我们调查了2015年至2018年期间带到兽医诊所的六个长尾猕猴社会群体中的275起有记录的伤害和死亡事件。我们使用多层次逻辑回归模型来拟合带到诊所的猕猴受伤与死亡的概率，以推断受伤与死亡之间的关系以及相关的人口统计学参数。雄性更易受伤，雌性更易死亡。在为期四年的研究期间，受伤和死亡的频率发生了变化，这在我们的模型中得到了体现。幼猴的死亡几率最高，六个社会群体中受伤与死亡的几率各不相同。我们将伤害和死亡分为“自然的”或“人为的”。大多数伤害和死亡是自然发生的，但电线、机动车辆和塑料制品对猕猴健康构成持续的人为威胁。大多数伤口和损伤都得到了成功治疗，健康的动物被放回了它们的群体。我们建议，其他人类与灵长类动物互动频繁的地方可以将乌布猴林兽医诊所视为一个护理典范，并可能采用它们的方法。
