Pietruszka Marta, Piekalski Jerzy
Institute of Archaeology, University of Wroclaw, Szewska 48, 50-139 Wrocław, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Aug 31;11(9):2562. doi: 10.3390/ani11092562.
The purpose of this article was to determine the role of wild animals in the economy of a historical city on the basis of archaeological and cultural layers of medieval and early modern Wrocław from the 11th to the 17th century. Archaeozoological analyses were applied, mainly encompassing the percentage share of particular animal species and the research of material culture, i.e., items manufactured from bones, antlers and hides of wild animals. The collected data were compared with written sources. As a result of the following analysis, a low but stable frequency of bone remains in urban layers and is evidence for occasional breaching of the medieval hunting laws by burghers, possibly driven by the opportunity to sell meat and other wild animal products on the markets. Moreover, the relatively low amounts of items made from bones, antlers and wild animal leather may indicate low availability or seasonality (shed antler) of the materials, which might have indirectly raised the product price. Additionally, the area around Wrocław did not feature large forest complexes, which are habitats of wild game, thus explaining the low frequency of wild animal remains in the archaeozoological material.
本文旨在基于11至17世纪中世纪和近代早期弗罗茨瓦夫的考古和文化层，确定野生动物在这座历史名城经济中的作用。采用了考古动物学分析方法，主要包括特定动物物种的百分比份额以及物质文化研究，即由野生动物骨骼、鹿角和兽皮制成的物品研究。将收集到的数据与书面资料进行了比较。通过以下分析得出，城市层中骨骼遗骸的出现频率较低但较为稳定，这证明市民偶尔违反了中世纪的狩猎法，可能是受在市场上出售肉类和其他野生动物产品的机会驱使。此外，由骨骼、鹿角和野生动物皮革制成的物品数量相对较少，这可能表明这些材料的供应有限或具有季节性（脱落的鹿角），这可能间接提高了产品价格。此外，弗罗茨瓦夫周边地区没有大片作为野生动物栖息地的森林，这就解释了考古动物学材料中野生动物遗骸出现频率较低的原因。
