Ahern Molly B, Thilsted Shakuntala Haraksingh, Kjellevold Marian, Overå Ragnhild, Toppe Jogeir, Doura Michele, Kalaluka Edna, Wismen Bendula, Vargas Melisa, Franz Nicole
Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy.
WorldFish, Penang 11960, Malaysia.
Foods. 2021 Sep 2;10(9):2080. doi: 10.3390/foods10092080.
Fish make an important contribution to micronutrient intake, long-chained polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAS), and animal protein, as well as ensuring food and nutrition security and livelihoods for fishing communities. Micronutrient deficiencies are persistent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contributing to public health issues not only in the first 1000 days but throughout adolescence and into adulthood. School feeding programs (SFPs) and home-grown school feeding programs (HGSF), which source foods from local producers, particularly fisherfolk, offer an entry point for encouraging healthy diets and delivering essential macro- and micronutrients to schoolchildren, which are important for the continued cognitive development of children and adolescents and can contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1, 2, 3, 5, and 14. The importance of HGSF for poverty alleviation (SDG1) and zero hunger (SDG 2) have been recognized by the United Nations Hunger Task Force and the African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for African Development (AUDA-NEPAD), which formulated a strategy for HGSF to improve nutrition for the growing youth population across Africa. A scoping review was conducted to understand the lessons learned from SFPs, which included fish and fish products from small-scale producers, identifying the challenges and best practices for the inclusion of fish, opportunities for improvements across the supply chain, and gaps in nutritional requirements for schoolchildren which could be improved through the inclusion of fish. Challenges to the inclusion fish in SFPs include food safety, supply and access to raw materials, organizational capacity, and cost, while good practices include the engagement of various stakeholders in creating and testing fish products, and repurposing fisheries by-products or using underutilized species to ensure cost-effective solutions. This study builds evidence of the inclusion of nutritious fish and fish products in SFPs, highlighting the need to replicate and scale good practices to ensure sustainable, community-centred, and demand-driven solutions for alleviating poverty, malnutrition, and contributing to greater health and wellbeing in adolescence.
鱼类对微量营养素摄入、长链多不饱和欧米伽-3脂肪酸（n-3 LC-PUFAS）和动物蛋白有着重要贡献，同时还能保障渔业社区的粮食与营养安全以及生计。撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）长期存在微量营养素缺乏问题，不仅在生命最初的1000天，而且在整个青春期直至成年期都会引发公共卫生问题。学校供餐计划（SFPs）和本土学校供餐计划（HGSF）从当地生产者，特别是渔民那里采购食物，为鼓励健康饮食以及向学童提供必需的宏量和微量营养素提供了切入点，这对儿童和青少年的持续认知发展至关重要，并且有助于实现可持续发展目标（SDGs）1、2、3、5和14。联合国饥饿问题特别工作组以及非洲联盟发展署-非洲发展新伙伴关系（AUDA-NEPAD）已经认识到HGSF对于减贫（SDG1）和零饥饿（SDG 2）的重要性，它们制定了一项HGSF战略，以改善非洲各地不断增长的青年人口的营养状况。开展了一项范围界定审查，以了解从包括小规模生产者提供的鱼类和鱼产品的SFPs中吸取的经验教训，确定纳入鱼类面临的挑战和最佳做法、整个供应链的改进机会以及学童营养需求方面可通过纳入鱼类加以改善的差距。将鱼类纳入SFPs面临的挑战包括食品安全、原材料供应和获取、组织能力以及成本，而良好做法包括让各种利益相关者参与鱼类产品的开发和测试，以及重新利用渔业副产品或使用未充分利用的物种以确保具有成本效益的解决方案。本研究为在SFPs中纳入营养丰富的鱼类和鱼产品提供了证据，强调需要推广和扩大良好做法，以确保采取可持续、以社区为中心且由需求驱动的解决方案来缓解贫困、营养不良，并促进青少年获得更好的健康和福祉。
