Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 16;18(18):9741. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189741.
The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools ( = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class ( = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries ( = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque ( < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher ( = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds ( < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.
采用《牙美观指数》（DAI）对 12 岁和 15 岁的在校儿童进行评估，以确定错畸形的流行情况，并评估其与龋齿经历、牙菌斑积聚以及社会人口统计学变量的关系。我们进行了一项横断面研究，采用分层两阶段抽样设计。进行了口腔健康调查和口腔检查，并记录了社会人口统计学数据。样本包括 1453 名 12 岁（868 人）和 15 岁（585 人）的在校儿童。这两个样本分别进行了分析，因为发现了统计学上的显著差异：12 岁年龄组就读于公立学校的儿童比例更高（=0.004），社会阶层较低（=0.001）；15 岁年龄组的龋齿发生率更高（=0.001），牙菌斑水平更低（<0.001）。错畸形的发生率更高（=0.001），12 岁儿童的全球平均 DAI 评分也更高（<0.001）。多变量回归分析不仅表明龋齿和牙菌斑是与错畸形关系最密切的变量，而且龋齿（OR=1.5）和牙菌斑（OR>2）也是两组错畸形的危险因素。总之，本研究表明 12 岁时错畸形和牙菌斑的流行率更高。在两个年龄组中，龋齿和牙菌斑的风险更高与错畸形的存在有关。
